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Compiled from the Civil and Military Gazette.

Punjab Disturbances

[ SECOND EDITION. ]

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(APRIL 1919.)

. 1

LAHORE:

▼HB OIVIL AND MILITARY OAZBTTB PRRS8.

PREFACE TO FIRST EDITION

AS the disturbances in the Punjab are not yet over this
little pamphlet is necessarily incomplete as a record of the
outbreak but it was felt desirable in response to many requests
to make available as soon as possible a brief account of
the events in Lahore, Amritsar and elsewhere as they were
reported from day to day in ' The Civil and Military Gazette,"
the Editor of which paper has kindly permitted the republication.
It should be emphasised that the sudden outbreaks took every
one by surprise, that while the disaffected among the educated
classes were using all forms of misrepresentation to stir up
agitation against the Rowlatt Act and violent animosity
against Europeans they themselves were probably unaware of
the organisation which was working behind and making use
of their inflammatory puerilities. The systematic and uniform
methods adopted such as cutting telegraph wires and railway
lines, using young men and boys in the front of the mobs and
the close parallel between the general direction of the disorders
here and that in Egypt with which they almost synchronised
have led many to believe that beyond the immediate circle of those
who have led the agitation against the Rowlatt Act one must
look to a more subtle and better organised association as the
real origin of the rebellion. Meanwhile the following extract
from a leader in the " Pioneer " of the 24th April should be
read with interest : — " We stand in need of a party that will
take up the duties of imperial citizenship ; that will realise its
responsibility to the public ; that will treat politics as something
more vital than a game of argument. Our political life is now
a chaos of individuals, some seeking honestly for a solution to
the diflSculties ; others merely feeding their vanity by the
plaudits of the ignorant, with whom it is always easy to be
popular if you flatter nitional pride or abuse the Government ;
while others again pursue purely sectarian ends and will stick
at nothing, not even revolution, to attain them. Of one thing
we may be quite sure — no revolution in India will have the
slightest effect on the decisions of the Peace Conference now
sitting in Paris, and the sooner that is realised the greater will
be the chances of restoring order in India and putting an end
to our present troubles."

PREFACE TO SECOND EDITION.

The necessity for meeting the large demand for copies of
this booklet has compelled the issue of a second edition. Ad-
vantage has been taken of the occasion to include articles and
martial law orders bringing the accounts of the disturbances
up to date and by revision bo improve the value of the produc-
tion.—St^t May 1919.

Disorder Id the Punjab.

We greatly regret to announce that the agitation
and excitement which have been working up ever since
the so-called passive resistance movement was started,
culminated in a serious outbreak of disorder on Thurs-
day, [April 10th], in'which Amritsar and Lahore were
involved. The disturbance at A mritsar was much the
more serious of the two.

So far as we can ascertain the excitement was
occasioned by the arrest of Dr. Saif-ud-Din Kitchlu
and Mr. Satya Pal, two agitators against whom notice
was recently served under the Defence of India Act.
A large mob collected in the city and made for the
civil station. The mob proceeded towards the railway
station, where they attacked a European guard named
Kobinson (an ex-soldier) who was working as loading-
inspector at the goods yard. Robinson was beaten to
death with lathi blows. The station master and the
rest of the staff who attempted to check the rioters had
to retire. The mob set fire to part of the outward goods
shed. Just at that time a troop train happened to come
into the station with a Gurkha regiment on board.
The Gurkhas were quickly detrained and effectively
protected the station buildings ag-ainst the rioters. The
latter proceeded to cut the telegraph wires and made
attempts to cut the railwaj?- on both the Jullundur and
Pathankot lines by burning sleepers, and the mail train
was delayed for some hours.

In the civil station even more serious damage was
done by the mob. The Town Hall, the telegraph office
and the National Bank buildings were wrecked, and in
the case of the last named two European officials of the
bank, Mr. Stewart, Agent, and Mr. Scott, A ccountant,
were murdered. The Chartered and Alliance Bank
buildings were also, wrecked and Mr. Thomas, Agent
of the latter bank, was murdered. The mob were even-
tually driven out of the civil station back into the
city by troops from the Fort and Police. Communica-
tion between Amritsar and Lahore remained cut from
12 to 4, and again for a short time from about 6 p.m.

The 8iimll station of Bhagtanwala, on the Ainritsar-
Patti Hne, was wrecked by the mob.

Mr. Kitchin, Coniniissioner, and Mr. Donald, Deputy
Inspector-General of Police, left Lahore for Aniritsar
by motor as soon as the first news of trouble was
received. Additional troops were also sent from
Julluiidur and Lahore, and late in the evening news was
received that order had been restored.

RIOTS IN LAHORE.

Following upon Sunday's demonstration in Lahore
•a second disturbance of a more alarming nature occurred
on Thursday night, [April 10th.] Between 6-30 and
7 p.m. the noise of a crowd shouting and jeering was heard
coming from the direction of the city and this within
a very short tinje developed into that ominous roar of
an angry crowd which .^tartles those who know only too
well what it portends. Scarcely had this been realised,
however, when firing was heard, shots rang out, 'and
the serious nature of the event was evident.

The history of the whole affair was a brief, but
sudden one, and it is to the credit of the police and
military authorities that this renewed outbreak was
dealt with so swiftly and effectively and with such quick
results. A crowd collected in the bazar. It. rapidly
grew and started coming down Anarkali. Thence the
mob, which had assumed an ugly aspect and equally
ugly proportions, proceeded down the Mall. By this
time the police were out in force and a party of them
stopped the denionstrators, now suiging along the road,
near the O'Dwyer Soldiers' Home.

The police pluckily attempted to stop the mob,
who were evidently bent on mischief, but were being
overpowered by force of numbers, when Mr. Fyson,
Deputy Commissioner, and Mr. Cocks, Deputy In-
spector-General of Police, C.I.D,, who had received
warning of impending trouble while at Government
House, arrived on the scene in a motor. Seeing the
seriousness of the situation and t^ie impossibility of
stopping the mob by any other means, Mr. Fyson gave
the order to open fi*e. This pio(hiced some result, for
the crowd went back and were forced up Anarkali
bazar. They reformed, liowever, at the top of the bazar,
where they had to be dispersed again by fire. The

police, supported by the cavalry, who had lueauwliile
been summoned from Cantonments, then cleared the
Circular Road. The detachment of the 17th Cavalry
arrived just in time ; for the attitude and size of the
'crowd was momentarily growing more serious and
would not have been an easy problem for the police to
tackle single-hartded. At the same time it was the
original firm action and unhesitating way in which the
outbreak was handled by the police that undoubtedly
sared the situation. The effect of the fire and the ap-
pearance of the cavalry, when the insurgents had been
driven back, was to finally disperse the rioters and by
8-30 p.m. the city was quiet. After that time no further
disturbance occurred.

The result of the tiring was three or four casualties,
of which two were fatal. Buckshot cartridges were
used. The violence of the mob, and the scuffle that
ensued upon the first volley of buckshot was demonstrat-
ed in the damage done to the trees in the Mall near the
High Court. One unfortunate European who had the
bad luck to be in Anarkali when the crowd was driven
back was hit on the head by a policeman in mistake and
was bandaged. He was an object of interest in one of
the hotels.

The news of what was happening spread like wild-
fire through the civil station between 7-0 and 7-30 p.m.
(especially as people had just been horrified by hearing
of the events at Amritsar), in addition to which a large
proportion of the inhabitants were startled by the '* hum "
of the crowd and the rifle shots. At the Gymkhana
Club the ladies were warned to repair to Government
House at once, and soldier messengers were sent round
requesting people to return to their homes. Fortunately
the removal of women and children to Government
House was afterwards not necessary and those who had
been taken there went to their own homes. Many
owners of motor-cars placed them at the disposal of the
European population and in this way those- who lived
in the banks and colleges at the post office end of the
town were brought to safetj'-. Special anxiety was felt
for the banks i?i view of what had happened at Amritsar,
Init fortunately tlir. autlioi'ities, by the ample strength
and ability with which they stamped out the wliole
affair, prevented any sui;h raids being possible.

The dispositions of the police and miUtary were
similar to those of Sunday, except that in view of the
much greater seriousness of the trouble stronger pro-
tective measures were necessary. The suddenness of
the outbreak did not find those in responsible positions
unprepared and it is to their credit that it was quelled
before anything serious happened. Most of tlie troops
at Cantonments were at a sports meeting and the rapidity
with which they were collected and despatched to Lahore
says volumes for the efficiency of those in command.
The detachment of the 17th Cavahy deserve especial
thanks in this respect, because the promptness with
which they responded to the call enabled them to be on
the spot at the critical moment. All officers who were
in Lahore were summoned bac i to barracks. The
I. D. V. were ordered out and went to their respective
stations. Detachments of police were posted in all
the principal roads and at all important positions in the
civil station. The Telegraph Office was held by a
guard of British infantry, as was also the Mall, and Law-
l-ence Gardens. We understand some cavalry were
held in reserve near Anarkali in the neighbourhood of
the Punjab Rifles Headquarters. Twenty of the 2-6th
Royal Sussex were stationed at Nedou's Hotel and
twenty at Faletti's. There was a large force at the
railway station, including 2- 4th Somersets, l-24th
Railway Rifles and 10th Jats. British troops were also
sent to Government House and other places. Later
in the evening armoured cars arrived, from Ferozepore
and about 10 p.m. an aeroplane circled over the civil
station and bazar. The whole of the troops mentioned
were on duty throughout the night, double seii tries
being posted at the various places. Medical officers,
stretchers and motor ambulances were also in readiness ;
so that every precaution was taken for a recurrence of
trouble.

The arrangements throughout were in the hands
of the civil authorities, as, thanks to their immediate
and effective action, the necessity did not arise to ask
the military to take charge. The civil power was
represented by the Senior Superintendent of Police
(Mr. E. P. Broadway) and the Deputy Commissioner
(Mr. 11. Fyson) whose headquarters were at the
Telegraph Office, where they remained all night.
Brigadier-General Clarke was in command on the

military «ide, assisted by Captain J. Smyth, V.C,
Brigade -Major. Major-General Sir William Beynon
visited the civil station during the evening, and the
I. G. of Police (Mr. Stewart) was busily engaged until
a late hour.

Owing to the riots at Aniritsar and the cutting of
the telegraph lines the Commissioner of Lahore (Mr.
A. W. Kitchin) and the D. I. G. of Police (Mr. D
Donald) left Lahore for the place on Thursday aftei'-
noon. On enquirj^ at the station at 11-30 p.m., we
were informed that all trains, up till then, though late,
had been running both ways from Lahore. At one
time a clear-the-line order was given in order to send
relief, in the shape of half the battalion of the 2-6th
Sussex to Aniritsar.

Strong Speech by Sir M. O'Dwyek.

The Lieutenant-Governor made a striking refer»:'nce
to these events and to the general political situation, in
the speech he made, at the Montgomery Hall on
Thursday evening in reply to an address presented by
representatives of the martial races of the Punjab, the
hosts at an evening party in his honour. Plis Honour
spoke as follows, _:,f—.

" Gentlemen,— T am glad to think that the
excitement of this evening has not prevented us from
meeting here to-night. I am proud to meet in this
unique gathering so many representatives of the great
martial races, Mahomedan, Sikh and Hindu, of the
Punjab who, though ditiering in origin, religion and
i^pcial customs are united to one another and to the
British Government by two bonds of steel, the bonds
of loyalty and valour. These are the qualities which
have distinguished the Punjab during its 70 years'
connection with the British Government and they have
never been so conspicuous as in the last 4j years of
war. They have not only enhanced the fame of the
Punjab ; they have raised the name and status of India
in the Empire, for the Punjab's contribution of fighting
men during the war, drawn almost exclusively from
the rural population, 170 000 Mahomedans, 90,000
Sikhs, 90,000 Hindus, represents half India's war effort,
and if your share were omitted India's contribution
would have been less worthy of her strength and
resources. You have good ground therefore for urging

that your services have had no small share in shaping
the generous policy of the Reform Scheme and for
asking that in giving practical form to that scheme
your services should not be forgotten, nor your interests
overlooked.

No one can reasonably contest your desire that in
the changes that the future has in store deeds not words
should be regarded. Vou and I know what lip -loyalty
is. We have seen a good deal of it in recent days.
To discriminate between words and deeds is what I
have steadily tried to keep in view in my administration
of the province, and I am confident that the discrimi-
nation will not be overlooked by higher authority.
For my part T have not failed to plead your cause —
some may say with undue insistence — and I trust my
voice has not been raised in vain. But if you are to
play the part which your services and interests justify
in the future of the province, you must continue to
qualify yourself by sound education and by training in
the practical work of administration.

Within the last 30 years you have made remark-
able progress in both directions, but the world is moving
rapidly and you must make even greater efibrts. I
am glad to hear from you that the measures taken by
Government in my time to extend education, vernacular,
secondary, industrial and agricultural, in rural tracts,
to secure to the classes you represent a greater share
in thu civil administration and to establish your footing
in the higher ranks of the army will help you to qualify
for a further advance.

That will be secured by your showing the same
steady and honourable co-operation with Government
and its Officers in peace as in war. You represent the
great landholding and martial tribes with the biggest
stake in the province.

A BASELESS AGITATION,

•

You realise the difficulties of administration and the
necessity of taking measures to prevent peaceful and
orderly progress being disturb^T-d by disorder and anarchy.
You have seen within the last few weeks how a law
passed to safeguard the lives and property of the people ^
against siicli ()Utbursts of anarchy and revolution (a law
that is only to l)e brought into operation if unfortu-
nately th'^)se I'onditions should arise) has by the per-

sistent falsehood and misrepresentation of a small but
noisy class been made to appear as a deadly weapon
aimed at the people whom it is int funded tn protect in
situation of great emergency.

Those of you who have studied that law as I hope
all of you have, know how baseless that agitation is, you
can gather something of the motives of those behind
that agitation from what took place a few days ago at
Multan, when the Rowlatt Bill agitalion was made a
pretext for oftering an insult to a gallant Punjabi
Regiment, composed of Punjabi Mahomedans, Sikhs and
Dogras, that had returned from the front after fighting
the battles of India and its King-Emperor.

PROMPT ACTION REQUIRED.

The men who ofiered that insult had, as we know,
no martial spirit themselves and no ai)preciation for
valour and loyalty of those who had been safeguarding
their hearths and homes. Their object is to attack
Government and insult those who are true to their salt.
Loyal men must and will oppose their evil designs. I
would therefore ask you to explain the motives and
policy of Government as shown in that law to those
within your influence and to expose the campaign of
falsehood that is being carried on in certain quarters in
order to mislead the ignorant and credulous masses and
the scum of the bazars of the towns and to incite them
to crime and disorder. The promoters of the agitation
began by announcing a policy of so-called passive resis-
tance. What form has that taken ? You have heard
what happened at Multan on Saturday. At Lahore and
Amritsar on Sunday coercion and intimidation were used
^ to law-abiding citizens, and in Bombay they have begun
openly to defyrthe law. This movement unless prompt-
ly checked will bring about disorder and bloodshed —
it has already done so at Amritsar and Lahore and will
endanger the lives and property of law-abiding citizens.
Government look^ to you and to all loyal citizens what-
ever their political views to join with it in openly
denouncing this dangerous agitation and bringing it to a
speedy close. Your co-operation with Giwernment in
this and similar matters will be as valued and as much
appreciated as your memorable war services. The
situation is for the moment critical and prompt action
on j^our part and that of Government is required.

Government will do its duty without hesitation and wiU
support you in doing youi's. Government will enforce
the law and, if that leads to bloodshed, the responsibility
is with those who make others to break the law.

This is my last word of counsel and I know you
will take prompt action on it and enable me to restore
public order before I leave the Province. The trouble,
though serious, is not widespread and with your help
will soon be dispelled. It will be a proud memory to
me that in time of war or of Internal trouble I never
appealed to the martial races of the Punjab in vain. I
am confident that by your action and that of the loyal
and sturdy men you represent you will within the next
few weeks establish a further claim to my gratitude and
to the consideration of Government.

T must r.ow say good-bye. In leaving the Province
1 shall carry away the recollection of what you have
done, r sliall not forget you, nor your work nor your
interests.'— C. & M. G. 12-4-19.

The Amritsar Riot.

A representative of the Civil and Military Gazette
visited Amritsar on Friday afternoon and learned some
graphic details concerning the riot on Thursday night,
[April 10th.] In that affray five Europeans were mur-
dered, the one in addition to those mentioned yes-
terday being Acting Sergt. Rowlands of the Military
Works.

It appears that the Deputy Commissioner (Mr. Miles
Irving) sent for Dr, Kitchlu and Mr. Satya Pal to come
to his bungalAnv about 10-30 a.m. He ^ut them into
motor cars and sent them off by rail to Dharmsala. The
order of arrest was under the Defence of India Rules.
The authorities were prepared for a certain amount of
trouble as a result of this and expected a sort ot dis-
orderly meeting of protest and perhaps an attempt at a
demonstration The troops were therefore out under
Captain Massey. O. C. Station, \yho was ostensibly on
a route march. What actually happened was not ex-
pected. News ot the an'ests got about the city about
11-80 and there was, in the words of one who was there,
" itn amazingly sudden and spontaneous rising ot all the

»

disorderly elements. It is hfrdly an exaggeration to
say that all the shops were closed within a quarter of an
hour " About 12 noon the crowd streamed out from the
city in a wild, roaring mob and tried to rush the railway
station and the civil lines. They were fired on, -topped
in the vicinity of the station and driven back hy the
mounted men of the 12th Ammunition Column under
Captain Botting, the Somerset Light Infantry, and the
police under Mr- Plomer (Deputy Superintendent). The
approaches had been guarded by piquets of cavalry
raised from the Ammunition Column and other sources
and the infantry were held in| reserve. Before orders
could be carried out to replace the cavalry piquets by
infantry the disorderly elements had armed Ihemselves
with lathis and stones, swept aside the cavahy, fought
on the road bridge and appeared to be within reach of
the civil station. Their progress, howevei", was hinder-
ed by the police piquet under Mr. Plomer and their
further advance was barred by the other units mentioned
above organising an effective resistance. The crowd
were forced back over the bridge leading to the civil
station and the bridge was piquetted with infantry.

While all this was happening another part of tht3
huge crowd had gone to every Christian place in the
city. They burnt the National Bank, the Chartered
Bank, the Alliance Bank, the Town Hall, the Mission
Church and the depot of the Punjab Religiou.-> Book
Society and murdered Mr. Stewart and Mr. Scott of
the National Bank and Mr. G. M. Thomson of the
Alliance Bank. The telegraph office was attacked, l)ut a
detachment of a Pathan regiment who were doing
railway guard rushed to the spot and drove the ri jters
away. Special mention must be made of Mr. Pinto, at
the telegraph office, who although overpowered, re>>cued
by the guard, his instruments were smashed and uires
disconnected, stuck to his post, reconnected and obtained
communication again with the outside world.

THRILLING ESCAPE.

Mr. p. E. Jarman, Municipal Engineer, had a thril-
ling escape from tlie city, together with three other
men, Mr. J. W. Thomtion and Mr. A. Uos.s of the Char-
tered Bank and Sergeant J^arsonage of the ^. and T.
Corps. He says : —

"I was cycHng into the city at 12-45 p.m., and
met a crowd coming towards the Hall gate. They

10

took no notice of me. I called at the National Bank
and saw Mr. Stewart and Mr. Scott. No business was
being done in the banks and there was obvious excite-
ment in the air.

" I then went on to my ofF.ce, which forms part
of the Town Hall and is in the city. 1 heard a crowd
come 1 ushing back about one o'clock crying : ' They
have killed two of us. luring lathis '! At this moment
Mr. G. M. Thomson of the Alliance Bank called me up
on the telephone ; and just as he said, ' What is ^\\ this
iamasha about ? ' the line crossed. I replied that we
were crossed and would get another line and then the
telephone went wrong.

*' The crovd that bed been fho'jtirg quickly
returned in increased numbers. The fiist building
demolished was the Post Office in the Town Hall.
The office was at the back of mine. They broke the
windows, looted the place and set fire to it. They left
the Post Office and came to my office and smashed the
windows. I had a loaded revolver, but hap;'ily the
police arrived on the scene under their very capable
leader. I heard him give the order ' charge * ! and the
crowd went away.

I was then advised to leave my office and go to
the police quarters, the Kotwali close by and adjoining
the Town Hall. This I very quickly did. I stayed
there till 2-30 p.m., when I was advised to go to a
private house for shelter.

" After leaving me the crowd went to the National
Bank. They went for Mr. Stewart and Mr. Scott and
knocked them out with lat}ds>. A Sikh head clerk was
also there. After pulling a big almirah on top of the
three of them they pulled the Sikh out, pushed him out
of the way and then attacked Mr. Stewart and Mr. Scott
with lathis. The rioters looted the office, took all loose
cash (amounting to Rs. .^00 or Es. GOO) and returned
to their two European victims. They then poured oil
or petrol on everything and set fire to the building.
The sa<e was locked and at midnight was still intact.

" The bodies uere lua-ribly burnt. J. have seen
them and neither are recognisable.

" The rioters passed on to the Alliance Bank, while
another crowd came along and looted the National
Baak ' Godown.' At the Alliance Bank Mr. Thomson

^

a

fired on the hooligans and killed several, as his empty
revolver afterwards showed. He was overpowered,
however, and thrown over the verandah into the road.
His remains were afterwards picked up and taken to
the Kotwali. The looters laid their hands on anj'thing
of value, set fire to the papers and burnt the place
out. They went on next to the Chartered Bank where
were Mr. J. W. Thomson and Mr. A . Eoss who were
rescued by the police

" About this time I was adviserl to leave the
Kotwali. I was very kindly given shelter by an Indian
friend in the city. I stayed there until about 4-30 p.m.
when I was informed that j\Ir. Thomson and Mr. Ross
of the Chartered Bank were at the Kotwali and I joined
them and Sergeant Parsonage of the S. and T. there.

"The natives, meanwhile, went into the Town
Hall, pulled down the portraits of the civic fathers, tore
them up, trampled on thern and fired them. They
treated every ofl^ce in a similar manner, except mine
curiously enough ; but they burnt my bicycle

" The four of us stayed in the Kotwali until
midnight. We were fed by Indian friends. We left
with an escort, taking the bo.ly of Thomson and picking
up the bodies of Stewart and Scott from the National
Bank. They were sent to the mortuary in the civil
liaes and we came via the station to the Fort arriving
about 1-30 a.m. and wearing pagvifi.

"An accusation has been made by the Indians of
wells being poisoned. They smashed all the stand-posts
in Hall Bazar. I therefore gave orders that pumping
should cease until I had had samples talcen. Now
I hear the city pipe-layer sent word to the pumping
station saying pumping should be resumed or the mob
would take action. Pumping is going on. I under-
stand, so I cannot take anj'- further responsibility."

ESCAPE IN NATIVE DRESS.

Dr. P^asdon, the lady doctor in the Municipal
Zenana Hospital, in the heart of the city, had an even
more exciting experience than ]\[r. Jarnian. Abo^it
1-30 p.m. she was attacked in the Hospital. She hid
in a small closet for two hours whilst the Indians
searched high and low for her At 3-40 p.m. she
escaped in native dress by a side door and went to the

Id

house of ail Indian friend. She stayed in the city until
night and then again escaped in native dress and arrived
in the Fort about 1 a.m.

SCENE AT CHARTERED BANK.

Mr. A. Ross, who was with Mr. J. W. Thomson
at the Chartered Bank in the centre of the city, some
100 yards from the Towai Hall, said when interviewed ;—

" The first we heard of anything w^as a telephone
message from the Alliance and National Banks saying
they could not understand the crowds that were passing
through the city and thought there must be some
trouble brewing.

" We next saw some of the wounded natives being
brought back. The Indians were shouting, ' Burn and
loot the banks 'and eulogising Mr. Gandhi in the phrase
Ghandhi kiJai. The next thing w'e knew was that the
crowd was smashing the windows. Mr. Thomson and
1 slid up a narrow dog-leg staircase and stayed there
with an ink bottle in each hand. All the haboos went
on top of the roof and told the crowd the Sahibs were
not inside. The crowd, however, broke through the
doors, found our hats and tore them to bits. They
tore up the majority of our books, wTenched off the
handles of the safe, but could not open it. The taboos
meanwhile were on the roof yelling for the police who
were in the Kotwali, less than 100 yards away. The
police soon arrived and cleared away the riotous
intruders. We stayed for an hour and the hnhon.^ ex-
tinguished the fire which had been started.

" The police escort took us through the gardens to
the police station about 4-12 p.m. W^e left there under
an escort of the Sussex Regiment and with Mr. Plojner,
Deputy Superintendent of Police, and went to the
Fort."

THE OTHER MURDERS.

Sergeant Rowlands, Cantonment Electrician, was
caught near the Rego bridge whilst making a dash for
the Fort. He had been trying to mend the wires.
His head was bashed in and he was found in a tent on
the horse fair ground near by,

Tho railway guard Robinson, an ex.- Northumber-
land Fusilier, was beaten to death witli Jathis in the
goods yard.

ti

Nurse Sherwood of the Mission School who refused
to leave when requested was badly cut about the head,
[her injuries were so serious that she had subsequently,
to go to England on leave].

MILITARY FORCES.

The garrison of A in ri tsar, when the outbreak
occurred consisted of one company of Somerset Light
Infantry in charge of Captain Massey (O. 0. Station),
half a Company of Garrison Artillery and the 12th
Ammunition Column. Whilst the riot was taking place
a company of the l-9th Gurkhas, passing through the
station en route for Peshawar, was detrained and armed
under the command of Captain Crampton, who rendered
valuable service in reinforcing the piquets. All positions
were held until relief came from Lahore in the shape
of one company of the 2 -6th Sussex Regiment and a
company of the 1- 1 24th Baluchis under the command
of Major Donald, who then became O. C. Troops,
Amritsar. Further troops arrived from Jullundur.
including the 25th Londons, and order was maintained.
Captain MacMillan of the 2nd Lancers, who was at
Aiiiritsar at the time, rendered valuable service. The
city on Friday was practically surrounded, all important
positions and the approaches to the civil station being
well guarded. The railway station was full of British
and Indian troops. The ruined banks. Town Hall, etc..
were held by the police. Brigadier-General Dyer visited,
Amritsar on Friday night. Lieut. Shallow, R.G.A.,
was in command at the Fort.

THE WOMEN AND CHILDREN.

Practically the whole of the Europeans of the Civil
Station were interned in the Fort. Captain Jarad of the
Recruiting Office, congregated all the women and children
at the bungalow of Mr. Jeffries, P. W. D., at 6-30 p.m.
on Thursday night and took them into the Fort. The
men joined them there. This little European colony
was still domiciled there on Friday. The women slept
on the floors and the men slept in the open. They
were being fed on bully beef and bread. One and all,
however, praise the police and C.I.D. for the splendid
work they did, and they affirm that but for them many
more Europeans would have lost their lives. The
Municipal Secretary is one of those who narrowly
escaped.

THE RAILWAY.

A few outside railway stations were burnt or Thurs-
day, but all trains, though late, have been running
through the junction.

THE FDNEUAL.

The funeral of the five Europeans took place on
Friday afternoon. Sergt. Rowlands and the ex-soldier
Robinson were buried with full military honours and
the other three gentlemen were interred at the same
time in the European cemetery.

Saturday's situation.

Telephonic communication was obtained with the
Telegraph Office. Amritsar, on Saturday morning at
7-30 a.m., and it was reported that everything was
quiet.— C. & M. G., 13-4-19.

POSITION IN LAHORE.

MARCH THROUGH THE CITY.

The rendezvous for the march of troops and police
through Lahore city on Saturday was at the cross
roads outside the railway station at y-15 a.m. The
start was made from Landa Bazar, thence to Delhi
gate and the old kotwali, past Bazaz Hutta to the
water works. From there the route was to Hira Mundi.
The crowd in front of the Fort in Minto Park had to
be cleared and the cavalry dispersed it without using
their lances. The crowd, however, came in again behind
in rear of the cavalry and the Deputy Commissioner
ordered a detachment of poHce to return, get behind
the cavalry and fire. Eventually the troops marched
out by Bhati gate at 11-15 a.m. leaving British troops
and Indian infantry and cavalry and police to piquet
the principal places in the city. Guards remained in
the city and civil lines during the night.

In Lahore on Sunday reliefs were carried out in
the city and everything passed off quietly. The shops
continued to be shut. Supplies for the civil station are
very scarce and dear and have to be obtained from out-
lying villages.

Alittle before 1 p.m. on Sunday the Deputy Com-
missioner summoned certain Ward Commissioner^ ^u^d

15

leaders of communities to the Telegraph Headquarters,
and asked them to use their influence to have the shops
opened by 4 p.m., failing which the military authorities
would be lett to deal with the situation as they thought
proper. On Saturday evening the wires to Simla
were cut and telegraphic and telephonic communication
were rendered impossible.

The official communique on events in Lahore ran : —
Disturbances of a similar character, though with less
unfortunate results, occurred in Lahore when the news
of the Amritsar riot was received on the evening of the
10th. The shops in the city and its vicinity were
quickly closed, and a noisy crowd endeavoured to force
its way towards the civil lines. This crowd \^as met by
a small police detachment near the High Court, and on
its refusal to abandon its progress, was dispersed under
the orders of the District Magistrate by musket fire.
At a later hour in the evening the police were again
compelled to fire on a disorderly crowd which attacked
them with missiles in the vicinity of the Lohari gate.
Two persons were killed in the day's firing and about
four others wounded.

Military precautions had early been taken to render
any recurrence of such events impossible, and on the 1 1th
no collisions occurred between the police or the troops and
the mob, either at Amritsar or at Lahore, though the
shops remained closed. On the morning of the r2th
troops passed through Lahore city itself and occupied
certain commanding points. At one point only the
crowd obstructed the passage of the troops and brickbats
were thrown. The police accompanying the march,
under the orders of the District Magistrate, dispersed
the crowd with a few n)usket shots, two being killed and
as many more wounded.

THE SITUATION.

ARRESTS IN LAHORE.

On Monday morning the authorities In Lahore
arrested Messrs. Harkishen Lai, Duni Chand, and
Chaudhri Ram Bhaj Dutt and removed them from the
station.

Martial law was declared in Lahore on Tuesday
morning.

16

As a proof of the quietness of the situation on
Monday various parties might have been seen going out
shopping to the few places where shopping could be
donCv At the market a few vegetables, eggs and the
like were available. Ladies and children were noticed
at Delhi House where business has not been suspended.
At the Masonic Hall the welcome arrangements made
for the supply of rations to servants, who were hard hit
by the closure of the hunnia shops, drew large crowds
and the work placed a great tax on those who so kindly
undertook to relieve distress among the menial establish-
ments. Another supply depot was open at the Koberts
Club.

The following communique has been issued by the
Punjab Government : —

The last communique issued brought the history of
events in Lahore and Amritsar as then known down to
the afternoon of the r2th of April. The information in
the possession of Government was not complete at the
time of its issue.

The morning train from E^erozep^re on the 12th
was held up outside Kasur station and looted by a mob
of about 1,000, of whom many were armed with lathis.
Two Europeans, Honorary Lieutenant Selby of the
Ordnance and Sergeant Mostyn,R. A, were killed, and
another was injured. Affer looting the train and doing
a great deal of damage in the station the crowd burnt
the Post Office and attacked the Tahsil. Here, however,
they were driven off by the police with a loss of one killed
and about six wounded. Some arrests were made.
Several stations on the Kasur and Amritsar line were
attacked the same day. Khemkaran station was looted
and the Treasury at Tarn Tarn was assaulted unsuccess-
fully. As a result of thece disturbances it was decided
to march a moveable column with a gun from Kasur
through the Manjha to Amritsar. The column started
on the morning of Sunday, the 13th, and arrived at
Khemkaran.

On Sunday, the 1 3th, the Prevention of Seditious
Meetings Act, 1911, was applied to the districts of
Lahore and Amritsar which were declared to be proclaim-
ed areas under the Act. The result of this action is to
make it illegal to hold without permission a public meet-
ing fur the furtherance or discussion of any subject likely
to cause disturbance or public excitement.

17

ILLEGAL MEETING DISPERSED.

At Amritsar all meetings were prohibited, but i^
spite of this prohibition one was announced to take place
iD the afternoon. About 6,000 people attended. This
meeting, held in defiance of the law, was dispersed by a
small force of Indian troops consisting of detachments of
the 2-9th Gurkhas, the 54th Sikhs and the 59th Sind
Rifles. The casualties were heavy but quiet has since
prevailed in the city, and it is expected that shops will

open on the 16th.

■ . ' ■' .

THE RAILWAY DAMAGED.

On the 1 3th damage was done at various places to
the line between Amritsar and Lahore and commui)ica-
tions were interrupted for a time.

THE ARRESTS IN LAHORE.

On the morning of the 14th certain persons who
have been prominent in connection with the events in
the Lahore city were served with orders under the
Defence of India Rules and removed to a destination
which has not been made public. This incident, possibly
as a consequence of what happened in Amritsar the day
before, seems to have created little stir in the city.

RIOT AT GUJRANWALA. j

On the 1 4th there was an outbreak at Gujranwala
and some anxiety was felt for the European and
American residents. The civil station and the church
were burnt as well as a considerable quantity of railway
property. The police, however, behaved admirably.
The American Missionaries were all evacuated to Sialkot
and the European population took refuge in the Treasury
where, with the assistance of the police guard, they
successfully defended themselves against the mob. An
aeroplane was sent out from Lahore which arrived about
3-30 and dropped bombs causing a number of casualties.
It went out again on the morning of the 15th. It is
understood that Colonel O'Brien, the Deputy Commis-
sioner, has arrested a number of ring-leaders. A detach-,
ment of troops was sent out on the afternoon of the
15th and has brought in about 20 men under arrest to
Lahore.

THREATENED RAILWAY STRIKE.

On the 14th the threatened railway strike was
started at Delhi, Bhatinda and elsewhere, but, as far as

18

can be ascertained, it has not spread and has come to an
end in the majority of the places in which it was
started.

TELEGRAPH WIRES CUT.

Telegraph wires continued to be cut, but the officers
of the Telegraph Department were generally successful
in restoring the lines after a short interval.

USE OF BOMBS BY AEROPLANES.

The use of bombs by aeroplanes has naturally
given rise to a number of rumours. The only case in
which they have so far been used is that of Gujranwala,
to which reference has been made above, and the stories,
which it is understood are current, to the effect that
Lahore and Amritsar have been bombed are absolutely
false. Bombs have not been used so far at any place in
either the Lahore or the Amritsar district.

MARTIAL LAW.

Martial law has now been declared in the districts of
Lahore and Amritsar and tribunals have been formed
which will sit at the headquarters of each of these two
districts for the purpose of trying persons charged with
offences connected with the disturbances. These tri-r
bunals are to be constituted on the model of those under
the Defence of India Act.

MALICIOUS RUMOUR CONTRADICTED.

Lahore, April 16 — The following press communique
is issued : —

Shops were opened throughout the city and
Amritsar yesterday.

A malicious rumour is being circulated to the effect
that the Golden Temple has been bombed. The story
is without foundation. As stated in the la.st communique,
bombs have not been used anywhei'e at Amritsar or
Lahore. -C. & M. G., 17-4-10.

MARTIAL LAW IN OPKRATION.

An order has been issued by Lieut. -Col. Johnson
requiring all shops to be opened by 2 p.m. to-day
(Thursday) in the Anarkali quarter. Troops and
police liave been detailed to see that the order is carried
out.

t'urther troops are arriving in Lahore and Forman
Christian College and part of Government College

19

buildings have been requisitioned for billeting. Movable
columns are ready to move at a monjent's notice. On
Wednesday afternoon car-owners in accordance with
the demand issued, reported at the Punjab Club to the
number of about 50. Some, however, were slow in
answering the call.

Lieut.-Colonel Johnson and his Staff at the
Punjab Club, Lahore, have successfully coped with an
enormous amount of work entailed by the proclanjation of
martial law. Passes for ho7id fide servants and those who
are permitted to travel by rail have been issued.
Among the many applications which had to be dealt
with was one for an Indian marriage ceremony to last
four days.

In view of the order mentioned above it has now
become a crime for any shopkeeper either to refuse t(j do
business or for any man to abstain from using his skill.
Courts of summary jurisdiction are being established for
the prompt trial and punishment of offenders against
martial law orders. These courts will be at the Fort, the
Water-works, the Delhi gate, Anarkali Bazar Thana
and Muzang. In anticipation of the order many shops
were already opened on Thursday morning.

As already announced, to deal with the emergency
created by the outbreak of disorders, a special military
area was created practically consisting of the whole of
Lahore proper excluding Cantonments. The boundaries
of this Lahore (Civil) Command are the Civil Lines, the
Municipality and city of Lahore, the Fort, the Moghal-
pura works, and any other area not included in the
above between the Ravi River and Lahore branch of
the Bari Doab Canal inclusive, within three miles of
the Central Telegraph Office, Lahore.

The Headquarters of the Command have been
established at the Punjab Club under Lieutenant-
Colonel F. Johnson, D.S.O., 2-6th Sussex Regiment,
and the following officers have been appointed acting staff
officers for the Command : — Major Lindsaj^ Smith, S.
and T. Corps ; Major E. C. Barnes, 19th Punjabis ;
Major D. H. Vanrenen, A.R.D. ; Captain C. F. John-
son, 2-6th Royal Sussex Regiment : Lieutenant
Burrough, 2-35th Sikhs. The troops at present on the
strength of the Conunand consist of the R.G.A., the
2-6th Royal Sussex, the 1st Somersets, the 2-lOth Jats,

26

the Sikhs, No. 2 Armoured Motor Brigade, and the
following I. D. F. units : — 5th Punjab Light Horse,
Srd Punjab Rifles, l-24th Railway Rifles and No. 54
A. M. Battery.

IMPROVED SITUATION.

Lahore, April 16. — Since the issue of the lasteom-
iriunique the only fresh disturbances reported have been
at Gujratand at Chuharkana and Kila Sheikhupura on
the Lyallpur line. At Gujrat shops were closed on the
14th, and on the 15th a disturbance took place, in the
course of which the station was wrecked and some
damage was done there and towards Gujranwala. Troops
have arrived from Jhelum and precautions have been
taken.

The an^ival of troops from Jhelum also saved Lala
Musa station from attack. A detachment of Indian
Cavalry has arrived at Wazirabad, which was threatened
by a mob of from 700 to 1,000 men.

On the Lyallpur line the railway was broken at
Chuharkana and Kila Sheikhupura station was disman-
tled. Communication with Lyallpur has since been
restored via Kila Sheikhupura. Outside Lahore Can-
tonments the Military Grass Farm ricks have been
burned.

The latest information from Gujranwala states that
everything is now quiet. European soldiers hold the
station.

AtMultan the 15th passed quietly and less excite-
ment was observed than on previous days although the
crop of rumours keeps up. The shops are partially
opened. The latest information is to the effect that all
precautions have been taken and that everything is quiet.
In the neighl)()uriiig districts of Dera Ghazi Khan and
Muzatfargarh conditions are reported to be normal and in
Jliaiig everything is satisfactory.

The threatened railway strike seems to have col^
lapsed. At Jakhal, the strike is over, and the Khanewal
strike ended also on the 15th. Tlio staff of the I)(;lhi-
Shakurpur branch has resumed work, as have the strikers
at Bhatinda. Strike troubles are reported to be brewing
at Kundian.

In Lahore all the voluntary shops organised by the
hartal are being closed by order to-day. All booking

21

of third class and interinediate passengers by railway is
prohibited from to-day, except officers of Government or
servants of first and second class passengers. Quiet
prevails in the city. Tongas and motors have been com-
mandeered.

A gratifying featm^e of the situation is the ready co-
operation of the Punjab States in the prevention and sup-
pression of disorders.

H. H. the Maharaja of Patiala personally superin-
tended the despatch of troops on the morning of the 15th
to Rajpura, Bhatinda, Dhuri and Jakhal in communica-
tion with the G.O.C., Ambala. All is quiet in Patiala.
The Jind Durbar has taken over Jind and Sangrur rail-
way stations ; the Nabha Durbar picketted the railway ;
Kapurthala Durbar is assisting in patrolling railways ;
and Bahawalpur has despatched troops to Bahawalnagar,
where a railway strike broke out. Some anxiety was
felt for the European population of that station but later
news is reassuring.

Mr. Gandhi, who is now at Ahmedabad, has informed
the Commissioner of the Northern Division that he has
abandoned all idea of disobeying the orders of Govern-
ment restricting him to the Bombay Presidency, and
declaredhimself ready to obey all orders of Government.

All banks in Delhi have been closed by Government
order— C. & M. G., 18-4-19.

SITUATION IN THE PUNJAB.

ONLY iMINOR DISTURBANCES.

A NUMBER OF ARRESTS.

Among the 26 persons arrested in Lahore oil Thurs-
day were the following : — K. N. Boy, editor of the
Tribune, Manohar Lai, barrister-at-law, trustee of the
Tribune, Krishna, editor o^ Parka sh ; J. Bam Das, clerk
in the Signal Engineering Department of the N -W.
Bailway ; M. Abdul Hai, ex sub-editor of Kissan ; and
Ram Parshad, a large house-owner and Municipal Com-
missioner. Others are being- arrested.

Business was being carried on as usual in the city
on Friday. People were also given permission to use

2<j

other mosques except the Badshahi mosque, which was
closed under orders of the mihtary authorities owing to
its having been used for poHtical purposes.

SPECIAL TRAINS.

The authorities are to be congratulated on the
arrangements made for conveying women and children
from Lahore to the hills. One special train left for Dehra
Dun on Wednesday and three specials on Thursday, one
for Simla, one for Pindi and one for Pathankot. In view
of the dislocation in the railwaj'- traffic and the fact that
many ladies had arranged to go away at this time it
was thought desirable to provide these special trains
rather than permit promiscuous bookings. About 200
journeyed to Simla, 300 to Pindi, 100 to Mussoorie and
100 to l.^athankot. The Pathankot train also carried six
motor cars for the journey to Dalhousie.

A notice posted on the walls of Sanatan Dharm
College Hostel in Bahawalpur Road, Lahore, having
been torn down or damaged, prompt measures were
taken. Every male person in the building, comprising a
large numbei- of .students, was arrested and sent to the
Fort for internment. Some other students were caught
endeavouring to board a train at an outside railway station
after being refused . tickets at Lahore Junction. Ihey
were also arrested and are interned for the present. A
sharp lesson was inflicted on an Anglo-Indian who failed
to report the possession of a motor-car. He was
arrested and being charged before the officer com-
manding the area with an ofience against martial law
orders, was fined Rs. 100 and committed to gaol pending
payment.

OPENING OF SHOPS.

Lahore, April 17. — The following press communique
Is issued : — Lahore city has submitted quietly to martial
law and is very quiet. Shops are opening. Attempts
to diasuade people from going to work have become
feeble. All langarkhanas have l)een closed by order.
The railway workshops at Moghalpura are Working
normally. A Hying column has arrested nine people at
Bengala, six at Shawindi, four at Barki (all of whom have
been sent to jail) and four froyi Sahajpal (all villages near
cantonments). Eleven prisoners from Chuharkana have
arrived. Fom- telegraph post wires have been cutoH, the

23

insulators broken and heavy wooden pieces .placed on
the line at mile 708-11-12 between Changa Manga and
Pattoki.

ARRESTS IN KASTTR.

Martial law has been declared in Kasur. Dhanpat
R^i, Pleader, and 20 others have been arrested and sent
to Lahore.

The railway staff at Samasata went on strike at
8 p.m. on the 15th but resumed work at 1 p.m. on the
16th.

The situation continues satisfactory at Amritsar and
is well in hand. All shops are open.

No disturbances are reported elsewhere. All is quiet
at Lyallpur. Hartal has collapsed there but has started
in Gojra. There are however no reports of trouble. A
company of Indian infantry has arrived from Multau.
Protection of the railway has been arranged at Jhang
and Ferozepore. All is reported quiet at Multan,
Gurdaspur, Montgomery, Muzaffargarh, Ferozepore,
Hoshiarpur and Jhang.

THE KASUR- OUTBREAK.

Further information received regarding the Kasur
outrage shows that Mr. Sherbourne and his family owed
their preservation to the bravery and devotion of the
two British warrant officers who lost their own lives in
trying to protect them, and to the resourcefulness and
presence of mind of Khair-ud-Din Khan, Traffic In-
spector. Mr. Sherbourne, who is a Signal and Interlock-
ing Inspector, N.-W. Railway, was a passenger with
his family by the 9- 18 from Ferozepore to Lahore. He
states that on arriving within one mile of Kasur the train
stopped. He looked out and saw all the passengers
leaving the train and getting on to a high bank. Some
200 or 300 yards in front of the train he saw a mob of
over 2,000. Two soldiers carried his children and they
made for the gatekeeper's hut at the level crossing. The
mob came up and smashed in the door and window and
the soldiers were dragged out. One of the rioters (who
was afterwards arrested) came inside the hut and pulled
Mr. Sherbourne's hat oft and tried to drag him outside.
Thereupon Khair-ud-DinKhan,Traffic Inspector, pleaded
with the rioters not to hurt the Sherbounies and they
cleared off". The Inspector then went with the Sher-

24

)ournes to the little village of Pukka Kila close to the
railway. The villagers were hostile but nC harm befell the
party. The D. S. P. and his men arrived about 10-45 a.m.
and took the Sherbournes to his own house. Mr.
Sherbourne got a horse and rode to Gandasinghwala,
where he found a light engine ready to come on to Kasur.
He gave the station orders to send the engine back to
the bridge to inform the military. He returned to the
mission in Colonel Atkin's car. On his way to the bridge
he saw the mob moving towards the mission, but a
pleader interfered and dissuaded the mob from attacking
them. All the Sherbourne's property was looted.

C. &M G.. 20-4-19.

[Later this account was amplified by Mr. Sherbourne's own
narrative showing that the two soldiers who protected him were
not the unfortunate Warrant officers who were murdered but Cpls.
Bateman and Brinham of the l-4th Queen's Regiment]

Situation Improves.

Lahore, April 20. — The following press com-
munique is issued : —

Some 60 prominent leaders in the recent disturb-
ances in Lahore have been arrested. People are realis-
ing their folly and their present submissiveness is due
to fear of the consequences of disobedience under
Martial Law. The city is quiet and business is being
done as usual, the trading classes being obviously re-
lieved by this return to normality.

On the night of the 18th some thatching canes at
Sargodha railway station were burnt, but the spread
of the fire was prevented and there were no spectators
and no excitement. The Sidwan railway station in the
Jullundur district \yas burnt on the night of the 1 8th
and telegraph wires cut on the Nakodar line.

An article in the Allahabad Leader of the 14th, in
an account of the events in Lahore on the 10th, con-
tains a statement that a crowd of some 300 — 400 rnen
in Lahore, consisting mostly of young men and boys,
was fired upon simply because it did not disperse on
being ordered to do so and no act of violence is attribut-
ed to it. The facts are that, despite orders previously
promulgated forbidding processions, a large crowd, pro-

25

"bably of some thousands, marched from the city and up
the Mall, forcing back a small body of police which
tried to bar its further progress. The crowd consisted
of city riff-raff and students, but the latter were mainly
grown youths and not boys. This crowd was making
its way to the Civil Station and would undoubtedly
have committed excess such as marked the Amritsar
occurrences had it been allowed access to the European
residential quarter. Every effort was made to disperse
the crowd without employing force, and the order to
fire on the mob was given by the District Magistrate,
who was present, to the senior police officer with him,
the crowd being then broken up and pushed back into
the city.

In the riots in Gajranwala a prominent feature
was the employment of young boys armed with squirts
of kerosine oil who acted as the vangu-ird for the in-
cendiaries and whose presence in the foreground de-
terred the police from making as full a use as they
might have done of their firearms. This playing on
the excitable feelings of students and propelling them
into the dangerous forefront is a significant character-
istic of the agitation.

The investigations in Kasur are proceeding most
satisfactorily and many arrests have already been made.
1 1 is reported by the local authorities that the presence
of many " Sadhus " in the ulobs was noticed and the
inference would seem to be that this irresponsible
fraternity has acted as emissaries in spreading false
rumours and exciting the populace.

In the attack on Gujrat railway stations on the
15th arrests were made to the number of 13, including
some of the ring-leaders.

Eighty-six arrests were made in Amritsar on the
18th and 19th. His Honour the Lieutenant-Governor
visited Amritsar on the 20th.

The flying column which left Lahore on Sunday
morning was called out to deal with a village where
telegraph and telephone wires had been reported cut.
On arrival the lambardar was truculent and insolent
and he was forthwith punished. Further trouble in
that quarter is not expected. The column afterwards
returned to Lahore.

26

Steps are heiii^ taken to commandeer all bigyeles
not required by Europeans in order, we undeistand,
that the British troops in the division may be con-
verted into cyclists. At least three of the battalions
before coming to India were cyclist battalions and
will, therefore, require no instruction in cyclist drill.
The provision of cycles is not only intended for greater
mobility, but also to save the men as far as possible.

C. &M. G., 22-4-19.

Situation in Hand.

WORK OF FLYING COLUMNS.

Lahore, April 22. — The follov.ing press coninmnique
is issued : —

The situation seems to be well in hand every-
where, and reports from districts contain no disturbing
items, except the cutting of telegraph wires near the
Chakki Bridge in Kangra district. In this connection
it may be recallec that a few days ago it was reported
'from Gurdaspur that Sikh emissaries were passingthrough
the district and were believed to be making their way to
Kangra.

Attention has previously been called to the number
of Sadhus who were noticed in the Kasur mob. Large
numbers of these individuals have been seen along the
roads leading to Amritsar. Under miUtai-y orders they
are now being arrested and scrutinised, as it is obvious
that they act as disseminators of false and alarmist
rumours.

In districts bordering on Delhi there is some evidence
that emissaries from Delhi are trying to work up the
agriculturists in villages. This is being counteracted by a
very widespread distribution of literature dealing with
the Ro\\latt Bills and the attention of all officers is being
directed to making known, to the illiterate classes in
particular, what the scope and object of the Bills
really are.

The responsibility of villages ])ordering on the rail-
way line, where otlenees such as looting of stations and

27

cutting of telegraph wires have occurred, is being insisted
upon by the miUtary authorities in the districts where
Martial Law has been declared and fines will be imposed
for the danige done. Flying columns in the area are
visiting villages of bad repute, and are giving those whose
demeanour is truculent a taste of discipline.

A movable column haf? left Amritsar to patrol
towards Gurdaspur. There have been 14 arrests made
for the telegraph wire-cutting at Janiwala and 10 arrests
in Jalalpur Jattan for the rioting that took place there.

Arrests in Amritsar now total 150 in all, over 70
of whom were found in possession of looted property.
In Kasur the cases of several of the men wounded in
the attack on the Tahsil, and identified as having been
in the riot at the station, are ready for trial by the
Commissions.

THE AMRITSAR DISTURBANCES.

Simla, April 22. — It is reported that the Amritsar
mob collected on April 15 in spite of a prohibition as
-they had been assured by the leaders that the Indian
troops would not fire on them. As a matter of fact
the Indian Army has behaved splendidly, and although
some individual sepoys may have been disturbed bj^
"persistent attenipts to corrupt them their conduct
has been wonderful in very difficult circumstances. It
appears the Alliance Bank of Simla at Anu'itsar was
not burnt, as some other buildings were, because the
landlord was an Indian. The cries of the mob wlien
burning and killing were MaJuMiivi Gandhi ki i'ti,
Ilihdu Musrdniari ki jai, Aiigrezi Sarkar /v khe and.
Sarhar ke madntgh tron ki khe. Some Indians behaved
magnificently in attempting to help Government. At
one place in the Punjab an Indian carried a wounded
European four miles on his back to a place of safety.
Sonre Mahomedans appear to have tried to induce
domestic servants to resign service without success.
Many men who took a prominent part in the mi.sfhief
arc now apparently extremely anxious that all trouble
should cease. Enquiries prove beyond doubt that
except for the Ixidmash element in certain bazars many
shopkeepers would have opened their shops. it

C. & M. G., 24 4-19.

28

KUNDIAN DISTURBANCES.

Kundian, April 20. - On Tuesday afternoon, the
15th instant, tiie even tenor of our httle Railway Colony
at Kundian was disturbed by an outbreak of demonstra-
tions at the railway station. At about 5 p.m. the
demonstrators collected at the station and began their
war cry of " Mahatma Gandhi ki jai," in which even the
innocent voices of the street urchins could be heard.
Telegraphic communication Avas interrupted on both
sides owing to the signallers refusing to attend to their
instruments in spite of the pleadings of the Station-
master. No. 65 Up passenger train, which arrived at
about 6-30 p.m. was held up at the station for
nearly eighteen hours. Tlie outgoing engine was ready
to take out this train but was also held up at the points
and not allowed to enter the traffic yard. The engine
had event ualljT^ to turn to the Loco, shed and drop her
fire for the night. The train was crowded with Indian
passengers who were returning from the Baisakhi fair to
their homes. Fortunately there was only a couple of
European passengers — a lady and a gentleman — in this
train who had to share the fate of the others.

ARRIVAL OF POLICE AND TROOPS.

The non-arrival of "the train (65 Up) at Mian wall
consequently gave rise to some feeling of anxiety in
the minds of the authorities there, and a Sub- Inspector
with a posse of police trollied into Kundian at midnight
and arrangements were made for picqueting them at
various points. These were shortly afterwards followed
up by the Superintendent of Police, Mr. Wickham,
with some mounted police. The crowd in the mean-
while had wended its way to the Loco, shed and
extinguished all tlie lights and fires in the shed and pre-
vented the night shift from attending to their duties*
In the early hours of the morning they again assembled
and invaded the Loco, shed and stopped the men from
resuming work. Later in the day some men with an
officer belonging to a Gurkha regiment arrived and this
contingent witli the help of the police succeeded in
dispersing the mob, without having to use firearm.
The 65 Up train, after being detained here all night
4eft by about 12 noon on the 16th. The men of the
Gurklia regiment before leaving Kundian were replaced
by sixty men of the 2-54th Sikhs under the command

- 49 .

of Captain Dempster, who, in conjunction with the
pohce, are guarding the railway station and the Loco,
shed as well as the European quarters, also a portion ot
the line in the direction of Mianwali. C. & M. G., 25-4-19.

NATIVE STATES' CO-OPERATION.

Lahore, April 23. — The following press communique
is issued: — The prompt and hearty co-operation of the
Punjab Native States with Government has been of the
greatest assistance in suppressing the recent disorder
in the province. The Durbars have one and all given
practical demonstration of their willingness to help, and
as suggested by Government, have directed their efforts
principally towards the protection of railway and tele-
graph communications. Throughout they have been
acting in the closest co-operation with the local military
authorities. Patiala mobilised its troops, many of which
were on leave, and sent out, within 12 hours of hear-
ing the news of outbreaks, detachments numbering 500
men to important points, such as the railway junctions of
Rajpura, Dhuri. Jakhal and Bhatinda, where a rail-
way strike was beginning. The Durbar issued instruc-
tions to all villagers to resist by force any attempted
attacks upon the communications, and also distributed
notices broadcast contradicting the entirely unfound-
ed rumour that damage had been done to the Golden
Temple in Amritsar. The Bahawalpur Council of
Regency sent troops to join the British force des-
patched from Ferozepore to Bahawalnagar, where a
railway strike was threatened, and has arranged for
the patrolling of the 250 miles of railway in its terri-
tories. The Imperial Service Troops of Jiud and the
State Police have undertaken the guarding and patrolling
of the railway lines in the State and of the railway stations
at Sangrur, Jind and Julana. Similar measures have
been adopted by the Kapurthala Darbar, which has
utilised 190 men of the Imperial Service Troops, including
a special guard of 50 men to protect the Amritsar and
the Beas Hridge. The Nabha Darbar are guarding
communications witliiu the State. Maler Kotla and
Faridkot have given valuable assistance. The former
immediately took over the guarding and patrolling
'of railway stations and line in the State, while the
latter, within three hours of receiving news of the
disturbances, sent 58 men and five followers of the

'«6

Imperial Service Sappers to Ferozepore. Quiet pre-
vails m the States, Their Rulers, while deploring
the riots which occurred in Aiuritsar and elsewhere,
have promised all possible aid in the suppression of
disorder, and the military authorities have expressed
the highest appieciation of the efficiency of the
organisation which has enabled the States to protect
communications within their borders and to despatch
troops outside their tei'ritories at short notice.

C. & M. G. 25-4-1 y.

GUJRANWALA RIOT.

FIRST SIGNS OF DISORDER.

On April 12, Lieut, -Col. O'Brien, Deputy Com-
missioner, left the station on transfer, after holding a
minor Durbar in which rewards were given for various
war services of a degree somewhat less than those to be
recognised at the anticipated Durbar at Lahore on the
14th. It need hardly be said that none of the promoters
of the hartal were included among the meritorious.
Although there had been the bad news from Amritsar,
Lahore and Delhi, there were no signs that Gujranwala
intended to participate in any evil movements 'and Col.
O'Brien left the station with every manifestation of good-
will from the better people of the district. On the 1 3th
there were rumours that another hay^tal would be
organized for the 15th. Jt appears, however, that the
local organisers decided hastily on pushing this forward
to the 14th on the ground that many of the officials
and better class non -officials had gone to Lahore on the
13th to h^^ recipients of rewards at the hand of His
Honour, and also that Mr. Wace, Assistant Conmiissioner,
Rai Bahadur Barkat Ram, Vice-President of the District
Board, the Naib Tahsildar and other notables had gone
to Eminabad foi- the annual Bisakhi f>xir. Late in the
day, suggestions reached Mr. Heron, Superintendent
of Police, that some evildoers were inclined to M'ork
mischief on the lines of the mob of Amritsar. He thei'e-
fore advised the American missionaries to* send away
their womenfolk to Sialkot, and to consider the question
of organising the able-bodied Christians for some form of
defence. At the time the missionaries demurred but it
appears that later on they were warned by converts to

»1

leave hastily and were told that Indians, whatever their
religion, would not be in danger. Consequently they
departed during the night in motor cars and other con-
veyances but any verbal message which may have been
sent by them to the Superintendent of Police was not
delivered and a guard of police remained uselessly over
their houses.

RIOTING AT THE STATION.

Mr. Heron, however, had no such special warning.
About 7-30 a.m. he noticed the train standing some 300
or 400 yards outside the station with a large crowd of
people round it. News was soon obtained that the crowd
was out for mischief. Mr. Heron and Mr. Xevill, A.S.P.,
then turned out all the local police and proceeded to do
their best to keep order, and remained on duty continu-
ously till the arrival of the aeroplanes alxmt 3 p.m. It
appears that the same organisers had l)een working
continuously underground for some time and that the
mob had been well plied with liquor to give them Dutch
courage. Many false rumours about the evil intention
of the (jrovernment towards the people had been spread
broadcast. Government intended, it was said, to inter-
fere with marriages, to levy fees on funerals, to prohibit
social gatherings, to deprive the zamindars of more than
eighty per cent, of their crops, etc., etc. A calf was killed
and hanged by the neck on a girder of a lailway bridge
on the Lahore side of the station. This was discovered
by the police early in the morning and buried by them,
but the rumour was spread that it had been killed by the
C.I.D. in order to cause dissension between Hindus and
Mahomedans. Both communities were exhorted to com -
bine against British officials who used such enemies of
the people as their minions. On the arrival of the train
at 7-30 in the morning a large number of people collected
at the railway station to proceed to Wazirabad, where
there is also a very large Bisakhi fair, but a number of
the leaders of the mischief shouted up and down on the
platform that this was no day to go for holiday and
rejoicing when all should be mourning for the deaths of
their friends in Delhi, Amritsar and Lahore. The crowd,
therefore, alighted from the" train. The train moved out
but the guard was attacked by the mob and when the
train got to the distant signal it stopped. The mob
rushed up and threw stones at the train, damaged the
engine to some extent and handled the driver roughly.

32

Shortly after this the railway bridge in front of the
distant signal was found to be on fire. The police officers
made their way there and extinguished the fire. Mean-
while the railway telegraph wires were cut on both sides
but telephonic communication with Lahore was open
long enough for brief messages to be sent through. Then
the telephone wires were also cut. Crowds continued
to demonstrate about the station for a considerable
period, some carrying black flags and crying the usual
cries of " Gandhi ki jai," " Hindu Mussalman ki jai," ^nd
the like. The crowd shouted about a good deal, some
retiring at intervals with their leaders to listen to fresh
lectures about the iniquities of the Rowlatt Act and the
necessity of the unity of the Hindus and the Mahomedaus.
One bright speaker, it is alleged, made play with
the Hindustani word Ham, which it was pointed
out was made up of the letters // and M with
nothing between, therefore he said " we Hindus and
Mahomedans should allow nothing to come between us."
The liquor shops remained open for a long time till at
last they were closed by official order. To make up for
the trouble caused by closing the shops a laagar or free
kitchen had been arranged by subscription and food was
distributed among the crowd.

MR. HERON ASSAULTED.

About midday crowds began to attack the railway
line on the Lahore side. They were dispersed by the
police but then it was found that a bridge was burning
further along the line. Mr. Heron and the police went
to extinguish it. He was about to return to the railway
station when a large mob of men and boys came towards
him armed with sticks, heavy railway hammers, pickaxes
and other tools. Till then, despite the happenings at
Amritsar and elsewhere, the utmost patience was shown
by Mr. Heron, who was continuously urged by the
various Magistrates on the spot with him that the crowd
would settle down and all would pass off as on the 6th
without any untoward incident if nothing was done to
disturb it. However, at last a determined attack was
made on Mr. Heron himself by the mob. Two stones
struck him and one ruffian got near enough to reach
forward to grapple with him. At last orders were given
to fire. The crowd then dispersed, returning towards the
city and apparently several were wounded though none
was kjUed there.

33

BUILDINGS SET ON FIRE.

It appears thai while a certain number remained to
demonstrate outside and near the railway station others
returned to deliberate in an open space in the town.
While speeches of the previous type were going ou news
of the wounded arrived at the assemblage, and spread
like wildfire, and the mob started out again bent on mis-
chief. From that time onwards '■ various buildings were
set on fire in turn by different parties. The Post and
Telegraph Office opposite the railway station, the Dak
Bungalow and the Tahsil were soon set on fire by various
parties of boys mainly, it would appear, under some sort
of discipline. When news came that the Kutcheri and
the Civil Station were being attacked, Mr. Heron left
the railway station with a posse of police, leaving others
with injunctions to fire on any one attacking the railway
station. In his absence the station and goods shed and
some wagons were set alight. A number of shots were
fired by the police under Mr. Heron ; although the mob
evaded encounter as much as possible a sufficient number
received buckshot and other wounds to discourage them
from further outrages. Unfortunately one section of
the mob obtained access to the Church and set that alsi;
on fire.

Saved by the aeroplanes.

Meanwhile the few women and children left in the
station had taken refuge in the Treasury, an ancient
fortified building with loopholes of an antique patternv
The crowds were already giving* up the contest as not
good enough when several aeroplanes arrived from
Lahore and drove the evil-doers hastily to cover.
However it is satisfactory to know that by bombs and
machine-gunning several casualties were inflicted though
not nearly as many as the ruffians and hooligans of the
mob deserved, still the effect was decisive and the people
hid themselves in their houses and during the night a
large number of them fled into the adjoining villages.
About the time that the aeroplanes turned up Colonel
O'Brien arrived in a motor from Lahore. Seeing that
the Civil Station was burning h(! pressed on towards it.
The mob was already disappearing by other routes and
by the time' he reached the Treasury and ascertained
that all Europeans were safe there was no opposition to
be seen.

S4

MR. heron's pluck AND COOLNESS.

The Municipal Commissioners and Honorary Magis-
trates such as could be found were called and professed
their regret for the occurrences. One gentleman naively
put it that he was quite sure the crowd would never
have done as it did, had they known the aeroplanes
would be sent out to deal with them. The danger being
apparently dispelled, police officers and men settled down
about 4 p.m. or later for their first meal of the day.
The position of Mr. Heron throughout the day was
most unenviable. The Indian magistrates and various
non-officials, some of the latter undoubtedly playing false,
kept on persuading him that the mob would quieten
down. It was obvious, however, throughout that the
hostility of tihe mob was directed personally towards
him as the only white man present. Mr. Nevill was
separated from him for a long time as the need for guard-
ing the railway bridge at the Gurukul appeared im-
perative. Several parties set out at intervals to attack
it. With the inadequate force at his disposal Mr.
Heron had to make arrangements to protect the various
public buildings and the Civil Station, including as he
thought the missionaries with numbers of ladies and
children. It was not till 1-30 p.UL that he received any
news that the missionaries had already gone. The
police force behaved well where they were in the presence
of their British officers but it appears that the various
guards posted elsewhere hesitated to act or acted ineffec-
tually. Although the missionaries had left there were
nine women and children in the Treasury when the mob
was beaten off and they owe all to the indomitable pluck
and coolness of Mr. Heron. He had to face throughout
the day large bodies of the mob, which finally swelled till
there must have been 8,000 to be dealt with by him and
his small party. Considerable anxiety was felt for the
safety of Mr. Wace, who was alone eight miles away
at the Eininabad fair, which is often attended by 40,000
people. However, the evil of the present time is
essentially one of the town people, and the zamindars
remaining unaffected enjoyed their fair and went home.
Mr. Wace, returning on horse back at the ordinary time
of the evening, was met by the camel sowars sent to
bring him in.

ARRIVAL OF BRITISH TROOPS.

Final anxiety was completely dispelled at 9 p in.

35

when a detachment of 50 men of the South Lanca-
shires arrived from Sialkot. A message liad fortunately-
got through from one of the telegraph stations up the
line. Next morning after the arrival of Mr. Douglas
Donald, D. I. G., troops and police marched round the
town and a number of persons were arrested. These
included several pleaders and barristers and others
alleged to be leaders. These arrests and the presence
of the troops have completely calmed the situation.

OUTBREAKS IN THE DISTRICT.

Similar outbursts took place in many other portions
of this unwieldy district. At Wazirabad the telegraph
wires were cut on all sides of the station and the house of
Mr. Grahame Pailey was burnt and looted. Mr.
Grahame Bailey is a missionary of more than local fame.
He was born in Wazirabad and has devoted his life to the
people. His knowledge of Punjabi and of many dialects
such as those of the Sansis and the Chuhras is unrivalled.
A very strong feeling of bitterness against the agitators
for causing injury to him was felt by many of the better
people in the town. At Hafizabad a; train was attacked
and a British officer with a small boy was in danger, but
they were saved partly by loyal Indians — S. Arur Singh
of Daska and his brother-ili-law S. Karam Singh — and
partly by the moving of the train. In Sangla a Euro-
pean of the Telegraph was murderously assaulted by a
Kuka Sikh, but managed to pump four shots into him.
Wire-cutting and smashing of signals was rife. Nowhere
near the towns did the zamindars take any part, except
in the Khangah Dogran Tahsil, where mobs, stimulated
by the false rumours spread by the agitators, burnt and
looted the stations of Chuharkana, Dhabban Singh and
Moman. Fortunately, however, the prompt action of
the officer in charge of the armoured train sent along the
line dispersed and punished the mobs before devastation
spread further than the stations. Captains E. L. Scott
and Flowerdew pushed out into the villages punishing the
rioters and making arrests.

ATTITUDE OF THE ORGANISERS.

Elsewhere as in headquarters a considerable number
of those alleged to be leading conspirators have been
arrested. It may be interesting to note the attitude cf
some of such leaders. One of them stated that they
decided to repeat the incidents of Amritsar in Gujranwala

36

with a view to annoy the authorities and to bring* a
blot on the administration of Government. As no
arrests were made in Delhi, Amritsar and Lahore they
were emboldened and believed nothing would be done in
Gujranwala either. Even if found out they thought that
they would be deported to some hill station to enjoy the
summer at the expense of Government. The leaders of
Amritsar, Lahore and Gujranwala have by now been
fully undeceived though Delhi remains as a surprise to
the rest of India. One result of these absurdities —
because they must be called absurdities although the
element of tragedy has unfortunately not been wanting —
is that the people have seen with their own eyes some
manifestations of British power. The concentrations of
forces in great garrisons may be good for training and
discipline of troops, but the people, especially of outlying
districts, are apt to forget that power is always present.
Now the district of Gujranwala has seen aeroplanes,
armoured trains, motor machine-guns, Lewis guns,
lancers and above all has had a sight of the British
Tommy.— C. & M G., 1-5-19.

ATTACKS ON THE RAILWAY.

DETAILED REPORT.

Lahore, May 2. — The following press communique
is issued : —

A complete list of the attacks on railway stations,
cutting of wires, derailments and the like which have
occurred on the North- Western Railway since the 30th
of March last affords both a record of the widespread
nature of the mischief effected and of the great difficulties
which the railway and military authorities have had to en-
counter in restoring communications. The record begins
with the attack of a mob on Delhi Railway Station
on the 30th March which caused considerable damage to
the railway offices, though it did not affect the working
of the railway or result in injury to the permanent- way.
Nothing furtlier occurred until the 10th when the mob
set fire to the goods slied at Amritsar-, smashed the cabin
point levor and killed one European Guard. On the
same date the mob looted and buiiit Bliagtanwala Station
and all tickets, books and othei- property were destroyed.
On the 12th Kasur Station wa« burnt and looted, wires

87

were damaged and a very serious interruption caused to
traffic. On the same day Patti Station was attacked, the
Goods Office was looted, lever crossing gates, points and
point locks were taken away. Telegraph wires and posts
between Patti and Gharyala were destroyed. The wires
were cut near Nakodar ; Ganda Singh wala Station was
looted, telegraph instruments smashed and wires cut, and
the ticket office was partially burnt. Finally Khemkarn
Station was attacked and a considerable amount of pro-
perty destroy ed. On the following day, the 13th, a
length of rail was removed between Chheharta and Khasa
(near Amritsar) and an engine and eight vehicles of a
goods train derailed ; both lines were blocked and the
train looted. On the same day telegraph wires were cut
beyond Barara Station. On the 14th all wires near Guj-
ranwala Station were cut and the Station Bridge was set
on fire ; attacks were made on the driver and fireman of
the train there, and the train looted. On the same day
Wagah Station was burnt and a passenger injured by
a stone thrown at the train near Kot Eadha Kishen Sta-
tion ; the telegraph wires were cut between Delhi-Kishen-
ganj and Shakurpur ; obstructions were placed on the
line near Okara ; and a train was attacked by a mob at
Hafizabad which caused a certain amount of damage to
the train itself The reports of the loth show that an
attempt was made to burn the ticket cupboards at Lala
Musa Station ; the armoured train was derailed at Wagah ;
the telegraph wires were cut betweenChichoklMalhan and
Killa Sheikupura; and a serious attack at Chuharkana Sta-
tion resulting in the burning of the station, the cutting of
all telegraph wires, the dismantling of telegraph posts,
the looting of parcels from the mixed train and the damage
to a carriage and an engine. The line was badly damaged
between Killa Sheikhupura and Bahalike ; wires between
Jantipur, Batala, Chhina and Dhariwal were cut ; and
interruptions occurred in the telegraph communications
at Bahawalnagar where the whole railway staff. Loco.,
Engineering and Traffic, struck work for two days.
Finally the wires were reported to be cut between
Chhanga Manga and Pattoki. On the 16th there was
also a report of heavy damage done. A mob coming from
Bahalike burnt and looted the Sangla Hill Station, break-
ing up all telegraph instruments, signals and lamps ;
thieves robbed the station at Shanker ; heavy obstruc-
tions were placed on the line between Chhanga Manga
and Pattoki ; damage was done to telegraph wires near

3S

Jaito ; lines were displaced and partially removed near
Sialkote, where lines were also cut The damage reprorted
on the 17th was nearly as heavy. A telegraph post was
cut down between Lyallpur and Gatti ; and wires were re-
ported cut between Massan and Daud Khel ; wires were
again cut down between Nakodar and Shankar, and
finally a derailment was caused between Harriah and
Malakwal in which two engines were damaged, a front
brake and third class bogie smashed. One fireman and
passenger were killed and one sepoy was injured.
Telegraph wires were at the same time cut and com-
munication interrupted between Harriah and Lala Musa.
On the l^th the police reported that a crowd came on
the platform at Kaithal and broke the lamp and window
glasses, the wires were cut between Roman and Shergarh
in the direction of Bhatinda and stacks of baled
bhoosa near Lyallpur Station were set on fire. On
the 19 th the telegraph wires were cut between Toba
Tek Singh and Janiwala and communication interrupted.
On the 20th wires were cut between Rohtak and Samar-
gopalpur ; a serious attack was made at Gujrat where
rioters partly burnt the Railv/ay Station and Jf oints-
man's hut, and cut the telegraph wires. A number of
telegraph wires were also cut near Wazirabad. On the
21st an attempt was made to cut the wire between
Kartarsinghwala and Bhatinda, the wire was cut be-
tween Dasuya and Tanda Urmar and also at the outer
Signal and Bilga Station.

An account will subsequently be published of injury
which has occurred since the 21st, but the operations
of Martial Law had by that date already begun to have
their effect, and subsequent interruptions were com-
paratively few.— C. & M. G., 3-5-19.

A TOUR IN THE DISTRICTS.— L

A representative of the " Civil and Military Gazette "
made a tour of affected areas during the course of this
week and was able to collect some more information with
regard to the events of the past three weeks and also to
obtain some idea of the temper of the people under
martial law. The first place visited was Lala Musa, then
Gujrat, Wazirabad and Gujranwala. At all these places

30'

it is clear that the rapidity witli which troops were moved
about surprised the people and quickly sobered them,
and latterly the thoroughness with which martial law has
been enforced has further enlightened them as to the
powers which can be used when necessary.

STORIES AND EXAGGKRATIONS.

Among the uneducated classes the great fear seems
to have been of an increase in the powers of the police,
so far as the Indian members of it are concerned only.
Agitators have, of course, been playing upon this fear
and have been making such base misstatements as that
marriages and funerals and other family ceremonies can-
not take place without payments to the police.

The extreme lengths to which misrepresentation of
the Bowlatt Bill have gone is shown in an example
of refinement of this art. Asa result of deliberate eftbrts
of these falsifiers some persons are actually suspecting
that the copies of the Bill as issued are expurgated editions,
omitting the drastic portions !

SEARCHING PASSENGERS.

At Lala Musa there is no civil station, the only Euro-
peans being a few railway officials and the officers who
administer martial law. The town is in the Gujrat dis-
trict. The O. C. Troops is Lieut. Evans ; he is domiciled
in the first class waiting-room on the platform at this
junction and shares his unusual habitation with two
other officers, one of whom is a medical officer in charge
of a mobile ambulance. There has been no trouble at
Lala Musa, although it is thought that the troops only
arrived just in time on the Monday following the Amrit-
sar disturbances. The prospect of trouble in the future is
now happily remote. The officers at the station go through
every train, whether from north or south. This search-
ing of passengers is the reason for delay in the running of
trains all along the line, to the extent of two or three
hours behind scheduled time.

The only excitement which has been dealt with h'oni
Lala Musa was when a train was derailed on the branch
line near Malakwal on the 17th, and the women and
children were rescued from there and brought up to Lala
Musa through the commendabla promptitude of the
officers there. It is interesting to note that the derail-
mentmust have been the work of skilled people, because

iO

a whole section of line was removed and camouvlaged an4f
obviously had required about 50 men to accomplish it in
the manner in which it was carried out.

The detachment at Lala Musa consists entirely of
men who were to have proceeded on two-and a-half
months' leave on the very day on which they were called
up for this duty. They have all recently returned from
active service in Mesopotamia and leave to their homes
is long overdue. In addition to guards over the railway
and station a piquet is placed on the edge of the village and
the approach t<^ the station defended by machine-guns.

Going along in the train one saw the harvest being
gathered in and from enquiries about the temper of the
people it is evident that they are more concerned about
ensuring their income for the year than in following the
example of people whose incomes for the year will be
considerably mulcted. The presence of armed force is
not the only thing that is acting as a deterrent ; the time
of year is auspicious for the absence of further disorders.

POSITION IN GUJRAT.

Ridingfrom the station at Gujrat through the Indian
quarters one notices everywhere the respectful attitude
of the people. This station only has a small colony of
about 15 Europeans or often less, a number of whom are
missionaries. It has always been singularly free from
sedition and from persons suspected of disloyalty, and the
demonstrations that did taVe place were probably due
to influence from outside. Among those arrested is a
student from Lahore.

Altogethci- 32 arrests have been made in Gujrat and
14 in Jalalpur, among them being Har Gopal, Barrister-
at-Law ; Mul Raj, Pleader ; Tara Chand, and Ghulam
Hussain, Municipal Commissioner. These were all
taken to Lahore on Wednesday morning in connection
with their trials.

Those who have so successfully handled the situa"^
tlon at Gujrat are the Deputy Commissioner (Mr. H-
S. Williamson) ; the Superintendent of Police (Mr, N*
L. K. Wilson) ; and Colonel Brown of the 37th T)(^gr'as»
Area Officer.

A SUDDEN BEGINNING.

The first incident at Gujrat was the discovery of two
manuscript notices in the bazar inciting people to mutiny.

41

But these were seen by very few as they were torn clown
in the early morning and apparently caused no excitement.
About 2 a.m. on the morning of the 14th a band of
Baisakhi revellers returned from the fair at Wazirabad
shouting, " Gandhi ki jai," etc., but they immediately dis-
persed to their homes. There was no disturbance or
general excitement of any kind up till 10 o'clock on the
morning of the 14th, when shops suddenly began to close,
Police were sent to the railway station.

DISPERSED BY RAIN.

A procession was formed carrying a black flag about
3 p.m., but a thunderstorm came on, bringing with it heavy
rain and the ardour of the crowd was damped in more
senses than one. Indeerl it was not sufficiently strong
to withstand a wetting, and the folio w^ers of the flag broko
away. Again at 5 p.m. another crowd, mostly of boys
and loafers, assembled and dispersed that night. Next
morning troops arrived from Jhelum. Shops were still
closed and at 7-30 a.m. a crowd, mostly consisting of
youths, collected at Shihanwala Gate with a black flag
and a picture of Mr. Gandhi. It was more excitable
than on the previous day. Piquets of police were posted
at various places.

About 10 o'clock the crowd went to the Mission
High School and compelled it to close. Mr. Daniels, the
Headmaster, actually kept them back with a cane at first,
but the leader, a pleader, urged them forward, crying out,
*' If you are afraid of that, what will you do
when you are lired on'?" They then brushed the Head-
master aside, surged into the building, broke windows
and damaged furniture. One or two masters were also
assaulted. The mob went on to the Zemindar School ami
Government High School, only to find that these had
already closed.

THE STATION ATTACKED.

The rioters subsequently dispersed, re-assembled
about 4 p.m. and made their way to the railway station.
Swarming in here they began destroying telegraphic and
telephonic instruments and furniture and set fire t(^
records. The police opened fire and dispersed them and
made seven arrests on the spot. Police and ^fagistrates
extinguished the fire in the booking office. More troops
arrived that night. On the morning of the 16th notices
were issued prohibiting meetings and processions in

42

connection with the Rowlatt Bill without license.
Practically all the shops re-opened.

Since the 18th absolute quiet has reigned in Gujrat.
Important points are piquetted by troops and there
is a military guard on the station. In the district each
village is made responsible for the length of line within
its boundaries. The canal staff are also put on the
duty of supervision. Detachments of infantry and
cavalry have visited Jalalpur and Kunjah.

THE DERAILMENT AT MALAKWAL.

Further information was gathered at Gujrat re-
garding the derailment at Malakwal. It appears that
one mile from Malakwal two rails were taken up and
a passenger train wrecked. The fireman and one
third class passenger (both Indians) were killed, and
one Gurkha sepoy was slightly injured. The telegraph
line was also destroyed. Communication was restored
the next day. There were ten arrests in connection
with these occurrences, including one student.

At Jalalpur Jattan near Gujrat telegraph wires
were cut out on the night of the 15th and on the
16th a crowd entered the municipal hall, assaulted
several municipal commissioners and broke up some
furniture. To quell this some sowars were sent from
a remount depot. Hartal was observed on the 16th,
but on the following day the shops re-opened.

WAZIRABAD.

Wazirabad, in the Gujranwala district, saw no serious
trouble on the 14th, although brickbats were thrown at
the station, lamps broken near the railway ofKces and
there were certain amounts of crowds about and some
wire cutting, resulting in communication with Sialkot
being severed by midnight. Word had been sent for
help, however, as there were only a few military police
stationed there and the Sialkot Brigade (Brigadier-
General L. W. V. Campbell, C.M.G.,) received instruc-
tions from the 2nd Division, Rawalpindi, to send two
squadrons of cavalry by road to Wazirabad. This was
done, the cavalry arriving about 1.-30 a. m. They saved
the situation ; for it is certain that if they had not been
there the station would have been burned.

On the afternoon of this day n\ view of the possibi-
lity of trouble (owing to the reports brought in from
neighbouring stations) the civilian population living in

4^

bunpfalows sonde distance from the city had moved in to
the railway rest-house so as to come under the protec-
tion of the mihtary police.

By 10 o'clock on the morning of the 15th tele-
graphic communication from Wazirabad was cut every-
where. The rioters also got hold of a few sleepers and
fencing and burned both. Xo fighting took place ; the
crowds being dispersed.

MR. bailey's valuable RECORDS.

In burning the house of Mr. Bailey, the missionary
(previously reported) they also destroyed his very valu-
able records of the dialects of the Himalayan tribes,
which had been a labour of years. It can easily be
understood that he is broken-hearted over the loss.

More troops arrived on the 1 5th and a party of
Railway Sappers and Miners from Sialkot were sent to
repair the damage to the railway. In addition to
sleepers being burnt, one or two signals were pulled up.
On this day crowds of 300 or so made their appearance
in various directions and were effectually scattered by
the cavalry.

PLUCKY RAILWAY STAFF.

There were several incidents on the railway on the
15th which are worthy of mention and which it is due
to the railway staff to publish. About 8 a.m. the
locomotive foreman (Mr, Johnson) with some armed
men went out along the Sialkot line on a pilot engine
to try and discover where the break in the telegraphic
communication with Sialkot had been made. At about
the time the signals were being pulled down the station-
master, knowing that the down mail was expected, started
on a trolley towards Kathala, stopped the train and
hand-signalled it in. Again, at 3 p.m., having
received word verbally that an attempt was being made
to get a train from Lahore to Wazirabad, the station-
master went down on a pilot engine towards Dhaunkal
to endeavour to open up communication. The pilot
engine met the armoured train at the burnt bridge near
Mr. Bailey's house. Between 9 a.m. and 11 a.m. on
this same day, the assistant station-master (Mr. Mohd.
Akram) had gone into the midst of the crond outside
the station two or three times to try and persuade them
to desist from their demonstrations. It m ly be men-
tioned that one of the reasons the crowd was not tired

ii

on tiiis day was that there were a great many children
present, probably one-quarter of the total.

After the introduction of martial law there was no
fear of any further trouble. General Campbell moved
his headquarters from ISialkot to Wazirabad and took
ijp his quarter in the dak bungalow, near the station.
He set to work at once to secure law and order.
Even Lahore was forestalled in the matter of fixing a
minimun rate for prices of all articles of necessity. This
order held good until May 1st, when it was to be
reconsidered.

200 ARRESTS.

In the area under the command of General Camp-
bell there have been at least 200 arrests. And there has
been no resistance, either by the individuals concerned or
their sympathisers. At Wazirabad when Col. O'Brien
arrived to make some arrests there was a little trouble
about finding one man, a crowd collected and the cavalry
were ordered to disperse it. The crowd melted int(^
nothing : some disappeared up trees, some into houses and
the rest as fast as their legs could carry them out of

sight*

A MOBILE COLUMN.

The Sialkot Brigade, which co\ers a Very large
area, extending /rom Sialkot down to Shorkot
Road, has one of the most mobile columns it is pos-
sible to devise. The Indian ca\ alrv li\'c on i\w countrv
and the machme-guns cany their lutions with th»'m.
As a result of tliis excellent arrangement tlir military
have practically completed their work at Lj^allpur. Vil-
lagers themselves are now bringing in people here who
were niissing and wanted.

Two improN'ised armoured trains are also running
up and down the line, one based on Sangla Hill and the
other on Sialkot.

THE RURAL I'Ol'ULATloX.

Previous to the arrival of General Campbell and liis
staff Colonel F. W. Burhui-y from Sialkot administered
martial law at Wazirabad. Tin's was up till the evening
of the ]*Jth. The aiea now under the connnand of General
Campbell comprises the three districts of Gujiat, Gujran-
wala and Lyallpur. In these are various area officers. Major

46

C. W. J. Smith, 2-54th Sikhs, staff officer to General
Campbell, adniinisters martial law over the three districts.
This is no light job, considering that the country for which
he' is responsible is about 170 miles by 120. Fortunately
the unrest has been confined to the towns ; the rural dis-
tricts have given no trouble. Here, again, if it were
needed, is further proof that the agitation was artificially
engineered by emissaries who travelled up from the south.
Since the introduction of martial law there has been no
serious crhne and mobile columns have had practically no-
thing to report. As remarked elsewhere, the villagers
have been engaged in getting in their harvest — and remark-
ably quickly they have done it. Four days has sometimes
seen lands thick 'with corn lose their golden wealth. Even
after this the Indian farmer loses no time ; he likes to
realise his money quickly; he starts thrashing immediately
after cutting. Canals have made rich with corn districts
that 10 or 12 j^ears ago were deserts, and the inhabitants
are not altogether ungrateful. One case dealt with by
Major Smith was that of a telegraph operator at Wazira-
bad, who tampered with the instruments at the combined
telegraph and post office, insulating Gujrat and Sialkot.
He was given two years' imprisonment.

Accommodation has been one of the most difficult
problems at Wazirabad. The Brigadier is living in a
railway carriage, several officers sleep on the platform of
the station, while the dak bangalow is turned into offices.
There is a camp for soldiers just outside the town. All
speak with gratitude of the welcome gifts from the Simla
Red Cross and Lady O'Dwyer's Fund. They have afford-
ed some compensation for the enforced stay m the
plains.— C. & M. G., 3-5 1919.

II.

On the second part of his tour of the affected area
the special correspondent of the '' Civil and Military
Gazette " ti'avelled along the other part of the line as
far as Lyallpui-. Siujilar stories were told here of
agitators who came by train aftei" the riots at Amritsar
and tried to stir up the people to similar deeds of vio-
lence. The following is the story of events so far as
Lyallpur is concerned. Part of it is now the subject
of a good many jests among* the mien of the com-
munity, although at the time it Was anything but
amusing, either to them or to their womenfolk.

46

On the 6th there was a Satyagraha hartal in
Lyallpur. The District Congress Conmiittee held a
pubhc meeting by permission, wliieh was of an orderly
nature, and the proceedings concluded by sending the
usual wire of protest to the oecretary of State about
the Rowlatt Bill. During the earlier part of the fol-
lowing week ati'airs were apparently normal ; but from
Thursday, the 1 0th, onwards signs of unrest began to
appear again in Lyallpur city. A succession of hartals
followed and by Sunday, the 13th, large and some-
what unruly crowds gathered in the city. The situa-
tion assumed a threatening aspect. On Monday, the
^^ith, hartal continued; the great majority of pleaders
and petition-writers did not appear' in the courts.
Strenuous efforts were made to prevent Government
servants and railway employees from attending work.
Several projected public meetings were disallowed by
the District Magistrate (Mr. G. F. de Montmorency),
but finally in the evening a fresh public meeting at
a new place was started and by the time the Deputy
Commissioner arrived there a crowd of about 7,000
people had assembled. The Deputy Commissioner
warned the crowd that no inflammatory speeches would
be allowed and told them that the proceedings must
be concluded at once and the people must disperse in
an orderly manner to their homes. This had the effect
of curbing some of the more inflammatory speakers and
after appointing a committee of 20, the crowd, ac-
companied by the Deputy Commissioner, proceeded
back to the town .and were persuaded to disperse to
their respective quarters.

The hartal continued the next day. Meanwhile
emissaries from Amritsar and Lahore began to pour
into this district. A number of agitators began to set
to work in some of the rural areas also. False and
damaging rumours regarding the Golden Temple and
other events at Amritsar and mischievous statements
to the effect that the Rowlatt Act was a fiscal mea-
sure intended to increase the charges on land caused
disturbances, particidarly among some Sikh villages.
Two meetings were held in two large Sikh villages
iji the district and reports came in that mol)s were pre-
■pajring to soL.out iVoiu those places to loot and burn.

DlsTLKUANX'KS IT THK LINK.

Up' to this time no regular troops had arrived in

47

Lyallpur. After the events of the 13th the Deputy
Commissioner had called in some cavalry sowars from
the cavalry horse runs adjacent to Lyallpur and had
organised voluntary mounted patrols from among the
loyal inhabitants. Arrangements had also been made
by village agency for watch and ward over the rail-
way line. On the night of the 15th news arrived of
the burning of Chuharkana station. On the morning ot
the 16th more troops arrived in Lyallpur from Multan.
Just after their arrival the Deputy Commissioner learned
that Moman station, eight miles from Sangla, had been
burned by a mob which was advancing on Sangla.
Sangla is in the Gujranwala district on the borders of
Lyallpur. The Deputy Commissioner at once des-
patched one-third of the troops which had arrived,
with the D.T.S. and an Extra Assistant Commissioner
and sent them to Sangla. They arrived there in the
nick of time. IVIr. Wale, of the Telegraph Department,
. who was sent up to mend several telegraph wires
at Sangla, was attacked and hit on the head by a
Sikh shortly after the party reached the station. He,
however, wounded his assailant with a revolver and
the man was captured. This incident and the arrival
of troops from Lyallpur seem to have calmed the
ardour of the mob at Sangla and they gave no more
trouble.

Subsequent event at Lyallpur were that thef tele-
graph wires were twice cut in the neighbourhood of
Q^tti station, ten miles from Lyallpur, the canal tele-
graph wire was cut about six miles from Lyallpur and
a gang of 18 persons issued from an Amritsar colonist
village, in the vicinity of Toba Tek Shigh, and attempt-
ed to wreck the railway line. This party broke in the
railway gangman's hut in order to steel tools for the
purpose, succeeded in partially damaging the line,
brought down three telegraph posts and cut ofl\^l
communication with Multan.

RS. 60,000 WORTH OF BHOOSA BURNT.

On the night of the 17th Government " bhodsa'"
lying in the goods yard at Lyallpur, valued at Rs. 60,000,
was destroyed by incendiaries. The Deputy Commis-
sioner proceeded to the spot with some sowars from
the horse-runs and a portion of the infantry which
had arrived on the 16th. Strenuous efforts were made
to get the fire under, but a dust storm, which began

48

within ten minutes of the troops' arrival, rendered all
efforts to extinguish the fire fruitless. On the 18th and
19th considerable f(jrces, including a movable column,,
arrived, and on the 24th Martial Law was proclaimed
in the district. Bartal in Lyallpur only broke down after
the arrival of considerable bodies of troops. The Deputy
Commissioner visited the towns of Jaranwala, Gojra,
Toba Tek Singh, Bijkot and various villages with the
movable column and made arrests, both in those places
and at Lyallpur. It is understood that about 80 arrests
have been macle in all. Tlie arrests in Lyallpur city
include three pleaders.

The hartal at Gojra appears to have been a
serious one, characterised by processions with black
flags. The more loyal inhabitants of that town had to
assist a C.M.8. missionary to leave the place. It is
gratifying to learn that ili«' wliole of the gang who
attempted to wreck the raih\aj7' line at Toba Tek Singh
were arrested by the police or the movable column.

For some days now all has been quiet in Lyallpur
and district. Patrolling by armoured trains on both
the Lyallpur and Jaranwala-Tandlianwala lines has
had a salutary effect.

89 EUROPEANS IN ONE BUNGALOW.

The presence in the civil station of about seventy
English women and children was, of course, an impor-
tant factor in the situation and add'ed to the responsi-
bilities of the authorities The peculiar lay out of the
station and its straggling nature made it essential, in
view of the paucity of troops available, to adopt some
kind of concentration scheme. This was carried out by
moving all the women and children to two bungalows
on the night of the 14th. Unfortunately, however,
for the comfort of the ladies the position was condemned
on strategic grounds and under the charge of Major
PoUey, A. R.D.J they were eventually concentrated in
one bungalow, which although fairly large, could hardly
be described as a spacious dwelling place for 89 persona,
who incidentally liad to remain there for a fortnight,
till the women and children were sent off to the hills.
The circumstances naturallj^ imposed a heavy strain on
the endurance — both physical and mental — of the ladies
and children thus brought together in such close com-
munion. To their credit it may be said that they

id

emerged from the ordeal as triumphantly as English-
women always do when faced with difficulties. Still, it
nmst not be thought that the time passed entir.^ly
without its enlivening patches of humour and certainly
the opportunity must have been taken to learn the
disposition of every inhabitant of that much crowded
dwelling. The boredom was relieved by a marriage
which was solemnised between two of the members
of their community. To make the bungalow more
secure against attack wire entanglements were erected
and the I.D.F. mounted guard there. The real occupier
of what has ever since been known as "the Fort" is
Mr. McCarthy, Executive Engineer, Irrigation Depart-
ment. He happened to be away at the time and
returned to find his house an overflowing private hotel.
Fortunately he is a man who can take such shocks
with a good heart. Major Allen, A.V.D., afterwards
took charge at " the Fort." The overcrowding
in this residence continued until the 27 th, when,
in consequence of an order issued by the military
authorities, the women and children left the station
by special train. There is now only one lady left in the
station, though a good many others had intended to
"stay down had normal conditions prevailed.

DANGEROUS OUTBREAK AVERTED.

The general conclusion regarding the events in
Lyallpur is that a dangerous outbreak was only averted
by the skill of the Deputy Commissioner and the
Superintendent of Police (Mr. H. V. Smith). The
whole of those critical days they had a grip of the
situation.

One of the chief points that arises in considering the
happenings at Lyallpur is that here, as in other places,
there has not been devised — or if it has been devised it
has n(>t been officially announced — a proper system of
defeice of the European population. Another instance
of official delay is that the rifles of the I.D. F. were taken
away some months ago for inspection and had not been
returned at the only time when they were likely to be
needed.

With regard to Lyallpur it is only fair to say that
none of the students of the Agricultural College was
mplicated in the tlireateued disturbances.

50

OTHER INCIDENTS.

Other incidents, more or less serious, occurred on the
Hnes running from Lyallpur. On the 14th a passenger
train from Lyallpur to Wazirabad was stoned by a mob
of 300 at Hafizabad and several windows and doors, were
brol^en. On the 15th Chuharkana station building, with
furniture, books, etc., and the passenger coaches of a
train standing there were looted and - destroyed by fire
about 7-30 p.m. The engine of the train was also wreck-
ed. The guard of the train, Mohan Lai, walked back
from Chuharkana to Qila Sheikhupura and informed
the station master of the latter station of what had
happened. The station-master of Chuharkana, Jowaii
Mall, was seriously injured by the rioters. MoiTian
station building, furniture and books were destroyed by
fire at 10-30 p.m. on the 15th and similar destruction by
fire took place on the following day in the early morning
at the next station down the line, Lhaban Singh. There
were no injuries to the station staff, however. Bahalike
lies between Dhaban Singh and Chuharkana and was the
only station out of four on this part of the line that
escaped. At G-20 p.m. on the 16th the line between
Sangla Hill and Chuharkana was declared unsafe for
passenger trains. A train which had proceeded from
Lyallpur on the 15th returned about 1-30 p.m. on the
next day. On the 16th, in consequence of information
he had received, the District Traffic Superintendent (Mr.
F.R.B. August) asked the Deputy Commissioner for
troops in order that he might proceed to Sangla Hill-
He was provided with a detachment of Indian Infantry
and remained at Sangla Hill until the 18th, when three
British officers and a detachment of Dogras arrived from
Wazirabad. The armoui'ed train arrived at Sangla Hill
from Lahore, after repairing the line, at about 5 p.m. on
the evening of the 17th. There is definite information
that if troops had not arrived at Sangla Hill the station
there would have been burned down on the night of the
16th. As it was Mr. August saw crowds of 100 or so
near the station. He had tliem turned away and posted
sentries. I understand there have been 32 arrests at
Sangla Hill.

With regard to the amount of damage done atGujran-
wala during tlie disturbances the estimate of the bill to be
presented to the town is between 15 and 18 lakhs.

51.

THE AGRICULTURIST AND THE RIOTS.

TALKS ON THE ROAD.

Extracts from certain sections of the Indian Press,
which are appearing from time to time in the Pioneer and
C. d M. Gazette, are amusing reading, and, shall I also
say, instructive ? Instructive from the point of view
that they leave one wondering whether this section
of the Press voices the sentiments of the semi- educated,
the educated malcontent, the wholly illiterate, the
idealist, or none, or any of the above. " It was their
(Government's) special duty to see that further pro-
vocations were not given to the people.'* The remedy
" is simple." " Disallow the Rowlatt Act and cease
firing on the mob."

In the first instance, who is responsible for the col-
lection of the mob ? Who is responsible for disseminat-
ing false representations of the Rowlatt Act ? That
the organisation is a big one there can be little doubt,
and if the Indian Press would set to work honestly and
consciously to suppress this campaign of falsehood, and
promulgate the true facts, it might then begin to think
that it was doing its duty by its country.

The following conversations with zemindars met
at intervals on the roadside, on a 70 mile motor journey,
on the 11th of this month, will give some idea of how
widely this lying campaign has extended and with what
result.

It may here be mentioned that the writer knows
the language well and can speak the colloquial fluently,
so there was no room for misunderstanding*. The
journey was undertaken in the Amritsar District and
villagers were interrogated, here, there and everywhere,
at random, from 40 miles or so on one side of the city
to within 15 or so on the other, and in the Lahore
District.

With the exception of a very few who either really
did not know anything, or would not speak, four alleged
provisions of the Kowlatt Act were in every mouth,
with very trifling variations. These were :

(l). If two or three people were seen talking
together, they would be arrested by the police,

52

(2). ] f a man M'ished to get married he had to
get sanction from Government first, and many had it,
also pay Es. 5 for the privilege.

(3). If a person died, the relations of the deceased
had to pay Rs. 5 to Government before the corpse
could be disposed of.

(4). All owneis of land must realise that the crops
thereon were the property of Government, and Gov-
ernment could at short notice, either commandeer the
entire cr^p or any portion thereof

In one place the writer found some 15 to 20 people
sitting on a bridge, stopped his car and entered into
friendly conversation with the people. A few questions
elicited the usual replies, as given above, and the only
doubts in the minds of some were as to whether only
notice to Government was required in the event of a
death in the family, or whether the Rs. 5 death duty
had to be paid as well. Regarding the commandeering
of the crop too there were one or two reservations
of not much value one way or the other.

The writer having got their opinions on the situ-
ation asked the crowd generally, whether they believed
what they had told me, and whether they had suffered
any such zulums as they mentioned, or ever; heard
of any, since British Rule came into the Punjab.
They admitted they had not, but about believing
them, they could not make up their minds : — " Aide
log ame jhoot gaUande- " ? (Then do so many men
all tell lies ?) I again asked if they had. never
knowm such conditions before, did it seem likely that
Government would now suddenly change its whole
policy to one of such zulum after so many lumdreds from
this very district had been killed, fighting side by side
with our regiments against the German and the Turk ?
Did they think that the British nation was even capable
of it ? Had any of them personally found the sahib, his
own district officer, or others, passing through his villages
in the years gone by or now, such an unfeeling and un-
thinking devil that the new Act, as they had heard of
it, would make him out to be ? A general murmur of
dissent and shaking of lieads and tlien one man voiced
the sentiments of the crowd. " Yes, Sahib, that is the
zahim oi'it, that it should come now." "But, do you
believe all this, wliat rea.son have you for thinking that

6^

all this is true, isn't it possible that these are all lies
spread by enemies of the Government " ? " True, Sahib,
they sound like lies, but who has started all this and how
has everybody one meets got the same story " ? As to
who started these lies, I would ask you to tell me, for
I don't know, but as to how they have gone all round
the country you can answer for yourselves. Each of you,
going- your different ways, takes the rumour from village
to village, and a question of such burning arrest as the
commandeering of your crops, just when they are ready
to cut, affects every one in the world will be passed from
mouth to mouth and go over a district in a day. As few
of you are concerned with the law and not many interest-
ed in it, might it not be some discontented pleaders who
have started the lies"? One old man nodded his head
feelingly, " such {jallande, eh vakil bure " (He speaks the
truth, pleaders are awful).

Another sea-lawyer chipped in, " Ye;^, Sahib, but
you made the vakils " ! The writer pointed out that that
was the natural outcome of education and that education
was for the ultimate benefit of the country.

Another asked if it was true that Gandhi had been
caught and as the writer had then not even heard of
his arrest, he replied accordingly, but asked why the
speaker was particularly interested in Gandhi, and what
he knew of him. The reply was characteristic " Gandhi
Gandhi gallande, hi khahar haon hat " .' (they are all
talking of Gandhi, goodness knows who he is).

Here is then the typ« of Punjabi who our worthy
politicians would have us believe is infuriated at the
passing of the Rowlatt Act and the arrest of Mr. Gandhi !
Infuriated, ye gods ! 95 per cent, of the population pro-
bably has never heard of either, and only within a very
short time has the " Naya Kanoon," as interpreted by
some hooligans, come into their midst to sow the seeds
of revolution and anarchy. It only requires constant and
judicious repetition to prove black to be white, ai\d if
the " leaders," or so called leaders, had bestirred them-
selves in the very slightest to check the growth of the
movement, there is little doubt that it could have been
done, as it now must be done by methods seemingly any-
thing but in accordance with the views of the Indian
Press.

Can it be for one moment doubted that the whole of
this movement has not been known to our " city fathers"

54

(save the term) from its very inception ? If so, what
were they doing not to nip it in the bud ?

If they plead ignorance of all knowledge of the
movement, where is the confidence and trust which should
be inspired by men in their position among the citizens ?
In the one case they are not fit to hold such positions
and in the otlier, i.e., if they knew of the movement, it
would appear that they are directly responsible for its
spread. If a solitary sahib wandering along a road, at
a time when there is every reason for the wayfarers he
meets to hate the sight of him, primed as they are with
abominable lies, can elicit what he wants to know, and
leave them, if not even actually convinced, at least on the
verge of conviction, should this task not have been one of
the very simplest ages ago, for men of their own l)lood
and race, had they been so minded '.

People at home will be inclined to believe as many
of the educated {{) Indians would have them believe,
that all India is " up again" the passing of the Rowiatt
Bill, and the arrest of Mr. Gandhi, but I think those who
know the old zemindar also know that he neither knows
nor cares about either, but is ever ready to see a tamasha
and if a howling mob is met, he will in all probability
join it, not knowing in the least what it is howling about,
or what he is doing it for. In the circumstances, if the
poor brute suddenly finds the police or military bar his
way and that of the mob, and shots are fired and perhaps
a relation, innocent like himself, is killed, he cannot
understand the reason for it all, and he very naturally
goes off with bitter resentment against the Government,
and much more inclined to believe in the drastic measures
of the new Act as related in his village. The organisers
of the movement then smile up their sleeves and consider
they have a cojivert to their cause and that he will (being
an actual victim to zuhim), soon rope in others, who
had not a grievance nor a care in the world until then. —
C. &M. G., 23-4-19.

THE LESSON.

To-daj^'s news brings with it a lesson stern and
sharp to the Government of India and the political
empiricists at Home who for the sake of lip adherence
to a sham ideal of liberty have been gambling with the
safety of the British Empire in India and with the

loyalty of those Indians who see in British rule the
best chance of ultimately attaining to political develop
nient on sound lines- No agitation in the history of
India of the last few years has been so factitious, so un-
real and so baseless as the precious passive resistance
movement which has now brilliantly asserted its freedom-
loving qualities by causing the deaths of four EngHsh-
men and a certain number of Indians, It is useless to
say that the real meaning of the Kowlatt Act has not
been understood and useless to make a belated attempt
to explain it to a set of people who have been by this
time thoroughly imbued with the mad and unscru-
pulous distortions of the measure poured out by pro-
fessional agitators whose pranks have been discreetly
winked at by the more moderate but somewhat weak-
kneed politician.

All through the discussion of the Bill in its progress
through the Council it was patent that the non -official
members had not the slightest intention of doing anything
but indulge in windy platitudes about the liberty of the
subject and the right of appeal which had nothing what-
ever to do with the object of that Act expressly framed
on the advice of a committee of distmguished English-
men and Indians of long judicial experience to streng-
then the arm of the law in dealing with those anarchical
crimes which are inimical to the peaceful progress of this
country. Those of them who really knew the necessity
of the measure held their peace or, while not condemning
it, talked about inexpediency, the others known to be dis-
loyal in thought and with alltheirskilland subtlety unable
to disguise that disloyalty .gleefully seized the chance to
let loose the flames of discontent with the result that to-
day the people of Great Britain are able to value at
their true worth the protestations of the coming depu-
tations on the subject of India's fitness for self govern-
ment and of their omu particular loyalty. That is a
matter which we should not greatly regret \\cre it not
that in thus besmirching tliemselves — a noisy and worth-
less minority — they have risked the fair name of the
real India. The India which has fought side by side with
the rest of the Empire on every field, the India- whom
the egregious passive resisters of Multan deliberately in-
sulted by refusing a welcome to the gallant Punjabi regi-
ment which had returned from its victorious career in
the battle line. While however we are couviuced that

the Government with a strong hand will put down the
mad outbreaks now in progress, we are sure that the
bitterness engendered by that necessity will not blind
either Government .or Englishmen to the noble part
which they have set themselves to play in India's
progress.

But in this Government have a lesson to learn. The
path to progress does not lie in the exercise of brilliant
gifts of charm and tact in dealing with opposition in the
Council. It does not lie in giving way to or, at least,
attempting to placate professional politicians on super-
ficial grievances. Sane, straightforward and to a great
extent fatherly guidance is as essential to day as it was
fifty years ago. India has not yet begun to walk politi-
cally and no amount of talking by academic Secretaries
of State can give her qualities in their full development
when that development is still in its infancy. Out of the
darkness of the news that comes upon us to-day there is
the gleam of hope that is engendered by the perception
that in the Punjab and in the Delhi* province itself there
are administrations that can grasp the nettle firmly and
if the Government of India follows their exffmple and
throws overboard its new-fangled ideas of the subtle
school all will be well.

We are no enemies of India's progress as we think
is well established by what we have said above, but in
the present state of affairs that progress is rather endan-
gered by such specious measures as the Modification of
the Arms Exemption Rules and by the infatuated efforts
to encourage the Indian section of the I.D.F. which has
suddenly been galvanised into activity not by the thought
of war but by the arrival of peace — a sinister comment-
ary on the motives underlying such enthusiasm. We
consider and we are confident that we should be support-
ed by all thinking Englishmen and Indians in the light of
to-day's news that the Arms exemption measure should
be immediately dropped and that the Indian Section of
the Indian Defence Force should be disbanded until we
are more satisfied that the alumni of certain of our col-
leges who form that force are really loyal in their inten-
tions. The number of students that took part in last
Sunday's and Thursday's demonstrations was sufficiently
large to establish the fact that there is a great danger to

[ * At the time this leader was written the weakness at Delhi
bad Qot shown itself. ]

57

loyalty in the midst of the youn.orand impressionable part
of the population. Radical reforms will be necessary —
not of the Monta^'u-Chelmsford type but more practical
and more salutary— to brino- about a change of heart in
the collegiate institutions. We do not believe that the
youtig Indian when educated should necessarily be
disloyal and disaffected. We believe that he has great
natural gifts and il he is allowed to use tlie brains he has
without the warping of misdirecting influences we are
convinced that he will appreciate the value of the
British method of leading him up to political manhood
and the honesty of our purpose insetting that before us
as a goal— C. & M. G., 12-4-19.

THE WEAK SPOT.

The fact that no fresh disturbances of a serious
kind have been reported for some days, and that the
authorities are able to claim that the situation seems
well in hand, is a striking proof of the efficacy of the
necessarily stern measures adopted to meet the crisis in
the Punjab. The proclamation of martial law is not
a step which a British Government resorts to lightly
or with insuflicient justification, directly opposed
as it is to the whole spirit of British adminis-
tration. But in times of organised disorder and
open rebellion against the authority of Govern-
ment (to use the language of the Government
of India Ordinances), it is the only weapon which
arms the Government with adequate powers for coping
with the situation. Organised violence can only be
met by the use of force, and it is not only the safest
but the most humane course to apply that force with
the utmost possible promptitude ,and rigour which can
only be done when GoveramBiit is armed with the
special powers embodied in martial law. There is
unmistakable evidence of skilled and far-reaching
organisation having bien at work in the agitation
which has swept over the Punjab and other parts of
India as well, and it is equally evident that that
organisation has by no means exhausted its power for
evil. More than one of the Punjab Government com-
muniqu63 of the last few days have referred to emis-
swies of disorder who have been discovered in the

58

country districts sprpading false rumours and working
on the feelings of the rural population. These disquiet-
ing symptoms are most prevalent in the districts adjoin-
ing Delhi Province, and it is the natural inference th^t
the insurrectionary organisation is still busy in De^hi
sending out its agents to stir up further trouble. A
Government worthy of the name is not only concerned
with the suppression of disorder after it has broken
out but equally so with the prevention of such outbreaks
by stopping the evil at its source. It is a difficult and
well-nigh hopeless task to follow up and arrest such
agitators once they have spread themselves over the
countryside, but it would in comparison be a simple
business to stop them at their starting place. Unfor-
tunately the power to control movements of passengers
by rail is lacking in I elhi, owing to the absence of
martial law in that province. It comes to this that the
South-east Punjab is being infected by poison that is
known to emanate from Delhi, and the Punjab authori-
ties are hampered in their efforts to arrest the spread
of the poison because the Delhi authorities refuse to
arm themselves with adequate powers.

^j ; In Delhi itself the position continues uncertain.
Optimistically worded reports speak of the city as quiet
and normal, but it is obvious to the meanest intelligence
that the authorities are very far from having the situa-
-tion completely ^under control. Delhi was the scene of
'the first outbreak of violence, and the disorderly elements
which were responsible for that outbreak obviously
stand in need of a much sterner lesson than has yet
been administered to them. Delhi stood alone in India
in witnessing the extraordinary spectacle of the author-
ities parleying with the leaders of the agitation while a
threatening and turbulent mob gathered round the
very building where the conference was going on.
Such a course of pijocedure would argue dangerous
weakness even in the case of a purely local disturbance,
but where the disturbance has assumed the proportions
of a widespread and organised conspiracy against the
peace and order of the State, such weakness in the
administration becomes criminal folly. Knowing the
composition of the Delhi administration we cannot for a
moment believe that the policy wliich it is pursuing is
one of its own seeking. The inference is obvious that
its hands are tied by instructions from higher authority.

&9

It is time that the Government of India realised that it
cannot meet a danger like the present with half measures.
It has acknowledged the need for drastic measures in
the Punjab, and it cannot, in reason or justice, expect
Delhi to save itself by half-hearted palliatives instead.
The danger to be met in Delhi is precisely similar in
origin and nature^ to that which is being met and over-
come in the Punjab. Delhi is still to all intents and
purposes a part of the Punjab, and the influence it
exerts over the adjoining districts is very great, and the
failure to vindicate the authority of the Government in
the capital is bound to react most prejudicially on the
state of affairs in our own province. — C. & M. G., 25-4-19-

A GOVERNMENT THAT GOVERNS.

The announcement that Sir Michael O'Dwyer will
remain on " for the present " as Lieutenant-Governor
(he was to have handed over charge to Sir Edward
Maclagan on the 30th of this month) has been fairly
generally anticipated, and will be even more generally
welcomed. To say this is not in the least degree a
reflection on his distinguished successor, whom we are
all hoping to welcome back to the Punjab in a few
days time ; but it is too obvious to need pointing out
that in a time of serious disturbance like the present
a" change in the highest post in the civil administra-
tion of the province could not but be attended by
grave disadvantages. The slang proverb about the
danger of swopping horses while crossing stream sums
uj3 the situation pithily and exactly and there is really
no more to be said. We can well believe that Sir
Michael, however much the idea of a further exten-
sion is opposed to his personal inclinations, is an xious
to hand over the province in an orderly and peaceful
stdte to his successor. At first sight it may seem a
misfortune that the last days of a brilliant Lieutenant-
Governorship, in which the fame and status of the
Punjab have bj3n raised to greater heights than they
ever reached before, should be clouded by grave and
widespread disorder, but there can be little doubt that
the firmness and couiage with which Sir Michael has
met the crisis will, when the verdict of history comes
to be written, be found to be by no means the least

\

60

brilliant part of his administration. At all events we
can speak for the whole Kuropean community of the
pro\ince, and we believe for a very large section of
Indian opinion as well, in expressing profound thank-
fulness that the moment of crisis found so strong a
hand at the helm.

Doubtless the voice of criticism ftnd calumny will
be raised in time to come, and has indeed been raised
already in the }ndiau press outside, the Punjab, as
witness the malicious statement in the Leader of
Allahabad which is so effectively pulverised in the Gov-
ernment communique which we publish elsewhere to-day.
It passes comprehension how any responsible journal—
particularly one that prides itself on its moderate views
like the Lpcider — with the knowledge of what happened
in Amritsar, Kasur and GujrauAvala, could give cur-
rency to so wilful a distortion of the facts in regard to
the riot in Lahore on April 10th. The facts adduced
in the communique are enough to convince any right-
thinking person— though we do not think any Euro-
pean who was in Lahore on that day needs much con-
viction on the point — that the mob which came raging
down the Mall on the evening of that day was a direct
and grave menace to the civil station. It was in fact
only prevented from committing serious mischief by
the plucky resistance of the detachment of armed
police which barred its path and by the prompt action
of the authorities in bringing up reinforcements of
- police and troops. Lahore owes much to that tiny
foand of police' who stood their ground so manfully, to
Mr. Fyson, Mr. Cocks, Mr. Broadway and Mr. Clark,
the officers who took the situation so promptly and
efficiently in hand, and lastly to that fine regiment, the
17th Cavalry, which responded to the call with such extra-
ordinary quickness. It is a gross and infamous libel
on the officers mentioned to suggest that the order to
fire on the crowd was given without justification. The
order was given by the District Magistrate, and we
have learned enough of the officer in question during
the last two weeks to know that he is not one to be
flurried or lose his head iji such an emergency. As a
matter of fact we believe it is the case that considerable
anxiety was caused to the police officers in charge by
Mr. 1- yson's persistence in going right into the crowd,
quite unarmed, in his cftbrte to get them, to disperse

61

before he gave the order to fire. As the communique
shows tlie crowd was not one of young men and boys,
but even if there had been some boys in front, we know
too much of the methods of the mob -leaders to attach
any importance to the fact. In the riots in Delhi which
started the present troubles boys were deliberately put
in front of the crowd to serve as a shield, in the regular
Hunnish fashion, and in Gujranwala the same trick wa«
played with even more sinister results.

Such lies as those to which the Leader has given
currency die hard, and they will no doubt form the
basis of attacks whicli will be made on Sir Michael
O'Dwyer and his officers hy politicians and journalists
who cannot forgive a strong ruler for showing his steugth
when the emergency calls for it. It is terribly easy to
mislead public opinion in India, as we have had bitter
proof throughout the present troubles, but we do not
think there are many in the Punjab, after the lessons we
have had of what mob violence leads to, who will be in-
clined to blame theauthorities in the Punjab for takingtoo
serious a view of the crisis. We know what the danger
was from which we have been saved by the drastic action
of the Punjab Government. We should have mere con-
fidence in the outlook if the Government of India
showed more of the spirit of Sir Michael O'Dwyer and
could ensure equally firm and resolute action being
taken by other local administrations whose handling of
the situation is at present anything but firm. — C. k M.
G., 22-4-19.

M

Appendix.

MARTTAL LAW NOTICES.

[Bt Lieut. Col. Fkank Johnson, D.S.O., Commanding, Lahore

(Civil) Area.]

No. 1 w

Whertas the Government of India has for good reasons pro
clkiimed Martial Law in the districts of Lahore and Amritsar ;
and

Whereas fiuperior Military authority has appointed me to
command troops and administer Martial Law in a portion of the
Lahore District, now known as the ' Lahore Civil " command
whose boundaries may be described as follows : —

The Civil Lines ;
' The Vlunicipality and City of Lahore ;
'■'^heFort ;

The Mogulpura Works ;

and any other area not included in the above between the
Ravi River and Lahore Branch of the Bari Djab Canal
inclusive within three miles of the Central Telegraph Office,
Lahore,

and whereas Martial Ijaw may be briefly described as the will of the
Military Commander in enforcing law, order and public safety ;

I make known to all concerned that until further orders by
me the following will be strictly carried out : —

1. iit 20 00 hours each evening a gun will be fired from the
Fort, and from that signal till 05-00 hours on the following
morning no person other than a European or a person in possession
of a military permit signed by me or on my behalf will be permitted
to leave his or her house or compound or the building in which he
or she may be at 20 hours. During these prohibited hours no
person other than those excepted above will be permitted to use the
streets or roads, and any person found disobeying this order will be
arrested, and if any attempt is made to evade or resist that person
will be liable to be shot.

This and all other orders, which from time to time I miy deem
necessary to make, will be issued on my behalf from the Water-
works Station in the City, whither every Ward will keep at least
four representatives from 6 a.m till 17-00 hours daily to learn what
orders, if any, are issued and to convey such orders to the inhabi-
tants of their respective Wards. The onus of ascertaining the
orders issued by me will rest on the people through their
representatives.

ii '

2. Loyal and law-abiding persons have nothing to fear from
the exercise of Martial Law.

3. In order to protect the lives of His Majesty's Soldiers
and Police under my command,® I make known that if any firearm
is discharged or bombs thrown at them the most drastic reprisals
will instantly be made against' property surrounding the scene of
the outrage. Therefore it behoves all loyal inhabitants to see to it
that no evil disposed agitator is allowed on his premises.

4 During the period of Martial Law I prohibit all processions,
meetings or other gatherings of more than 10 persons without my
written authority, and any such meetings, gathei ings or processions
held in disobedience of this oider will be broken up by force
without warning.

5. I forbid any person to offer violence or cause ob-
struction to any person desirous of opening his shop or conducting
his busioess or proceeding to his work or business. .Any person con-
travening tliis order will be arrested, tried by a Summary Court
and be liable to be shot.

6. At present the City of Lahire enjoys the advantage
of electric lights and a water supply ; but the continuance of
these supplies will depend oq the good behaviour of the inhabitants
and their prompt obedience to ray orders.— [15-4-19.]

No. 2.

All tongas and tum-tums whether licensed for hire or other-
wise will be delivered up to the Military Officer appointed for that
purpose at the Punjab Light Horse ground by 1 7-00 to day — Tuesday,
15th April. Drivers will receive pay and horses be rationed.

No. 3.

All motor cars or vehicles of any description will be delivered to
the Military Officer appointed for that purpose at the Punjab Olub
by 17-00 this day.

No. 4.

By virtue of the powers vested in me, I have prohibited the
issue of Third or Intermediate Class tickets at all Railway Stations
in the Lahore (Civil) Command, except only in the case of servants
travelling with their European Masters or servants or others in
the employ of the Government. — [15-4-19]

No. 5.

Whereas, from information received by me, it would appear that
shops, generally known as langars, for the sale of cooked food are
used for the purpose of illegal meetings and for the disst3mination of
seditious propaganda, and whereas I notice that all other shops
(particularly in Lahore City) have been closed as part of an organis-
ed demonstration against His Majesty's Government, now therefore,
by virtue of the powers vested in me under Martial L*w I order that
Ml such langars or shops for the sale of cooked food in t he Lahore
(Civil) Area, except such as may be granted an exemption in writing
by me, shall close and cease to trade by 10 00 houra to-morrow, W94-
nesday, 16th April 1919. [eiAOi'- >»

ni

DlsobeiUence to thi^ order will result in the coafiaoation of the
contents of siicli shop, and the arrest and trial by sammary procedure
of the owner or owners. — [l5-4 19 ]

No. 6

Whereas T have reasons to believe that certain munshis, agents,
dalals and chuprassees employed by legal practitioners in Lahore, are
engaged in disseminating seditious propaganda, therefore by virtue
of the powers vest;ed in me under Martial Law I make the followinjf
order : —

(1) No such munshi agent, dalal or chuprassee shall Itave the
Lahore (Civil) Command without a permit signed by me or on ray
behalf.

(2) Every legal practitioner re.sident in this C >mmand will sub-
mit to me through the Deputy Commissioner of Lahore by 16-00 hours
to day a complete list of every munshi, agent, dalal or chuprassee
direc'. ly employed by him. — [16-4-19.]

No. 7.

Whereas T have reason to believe that certain students of
the D.- X. V. College in Lahore are engaged in spreading seditious
propaganda directed against His Majesty's Government, and whereas
[ deem it expedient in the interests of the preservation of law and
order to restrict the activities of such students, I make the folio ^-
irg order : —

All students of the said College now in this Command ^rea
will report themselves to the Officer Commanding Troops at the
Bradlaugh Hall daily at the hours specified below and remain there
until the roll of such students has been called by the Principal or
some other Officer approved by me acting on his behalf, and until
they have been dismissed by the Officer Commanding Troops at
Bradlaugh Hall.

07-00 hours; 11-00 hours ;, 15-00 hours ; 19-30 hours.— [l6 -4-19.]

No. 8.

Whereas sume evilly disposed persons have torn down or defaced
notices and orders which I have caused to be exhibited for the
information and go >d government of the people in the Lahore (Civil)
( ommand.

In future all orders that I have to issue under Martial Law will
be handed to such owners of property as I may select, and it will be
the duty of such owners of property to exhibit and keep exhibited
and unda'naged in the position on their property selected by me all
such order.''.

The duty of protecting such orders will therefore devolve on the
owners of property and failure to ensu;e the proper protectioa and con-
tinued exhibition of my orders will result in severe punishment.

Similarly I hold responsible the owner of any property on which
seditious or any other notices, proclamitions or writing not authoriz-
ed by me are exhibited. — [16-4-19.]

w

No. 9.

Whei-eaa the leadei-s of the people whom I summoned to meet
me yesterday have not kept thei • promise to arrange for my orders to
be communicated to the people in their respective wards, and whereas
I deem it expedient for the sake of the people themselves that they
should not be exposed to the risk of disobeying my orders through the
neglect of their own leaders.

Now therefore I give notice that copies of all orders and
notices issued by me under Martial Law will be exhibited at the
following places : —

[Here follows a list of forty names — by a revised order
subsequently extended to fifty seven.] — [16-4-19.]

No 10.

Whereas practically every shop, factory and business establish-
ment in the Area under my Commind has been closed in accord&nce
with the hartal or compulsory closure of business directed against His
Majesty's Government.

And whereas the continuance of such hartal is detrimental to the
peace, good order and governance of the said Area.

And whereas I consider it advisable to limit from time to tim®
the effect of such hartal.

Now therefore by virtue of the powers conferred on me by Martial
Law, I make the following order, namely : —

By 14-00 hours to-morrow (Thursday), 17th day of April 1919,
every shop and business establishment in the quarter generally known
as Anarkali Bazar will open and carry on its business and each occupier
of such shop or business premises will exercise his skilled trade or
calling in exactly the same manner as he or they did before the
creation of the said hartal.

And I warn all concerned that disobedience of this order without
valid reason will result in the immediate opening by me of such
shops or business premises by force, and that any resultant loss arising
out of such forcible opening will rest on the owners or occupiers of such
shops or businesses — [16-4 19.]

No. 11.

Whereas I think it advisable to take such stens as I think

necessary for the prevention of violence and the preservation of good

order, more particularly for the prevention of injury to His Majesty's

•Soldiers and Police, as well as to all law-abiding citizens in the Area

under my Command, C make the following order : —

• From and after the pi'omulgation of this order it shall be illegal

for any male person to carry or be found in possession of an instrument
known as a lathi.

All persons disobeying this order will be arrested, tried by
summary proceedings and punished under the powers conferred on me
by Martial Law.— [16-4-19]

No 12.

Whereas I deem it expedient to take further steps for the
prevention of violence and intimidatioa and for the maintenance

of good ordev in the^ Area under my Oommand, I make the following
order : —

From and after the promulgation of this order it shall be unlawful
for more than two persons to walk abreast on any constructed or
clearly defined pavement or sidewalk in such Area, and disobedience to
this order will be punished by all such special pov^ers as are conferred
on me by Martial Law. — [16 4-19.]

NOTICE TO MOTORISTS.

A picket is stationed at the Ferozepore Road, cross roads leading
into Lahore Cantonment, and all cars must stop there otherwise they
will be fired upon. — [17-4-19 ]

No. 13.

Whereas information 'aid before me shews that a Martial Law
Notice issued by me and posted by my orders on a property known
as the Sanatan Dharm College Hostel on Bahawalpur Road, has been
torn or otherwise defaced, in c >Qtravention of my Martial Law Notice
No. 8.

Now therefo-'e by virtie of the powers vested in me under Martial
Law, I order the immediate an est of all male persons domiciled in the
said Hostel and their internment in the Lahore Fort pending my
further orders as to their trial or other disposal. — [l 7-4-19.]

No. 14.

Whereas practically every shop and business establishment in
the Area under my Command has been closed in accordance with the
hartal or organized closure of business directed agaitst His Majesty's
Government.

And whereas the continuance or resamption of such hartal
is detrimental to the good order and governance of the said
Area.

And whereas I deem it expedient to Ciuse the said hartal to
entirely cease : —

Now therefore by virtue of the powers vested in me by Martial
Law I make the following order, nimely : —

By 10-00 hours to-morrow (Friday), the 18th day of April 1919,
every shop and business establishment (except only lanyars referred to
in Martial Law Notice No. 5, dated 15th April 1919) in the Area
under my Command shall open and carry on its business, and there-
after daily shall continue to keep open and carry on itt business, during,
the usual hours, up to 20 00 hours, in exactly the same manner as
before the creation of the said hartal.

And likewise I order that every skilled or other worker will, from
10-00 hours to-morrow, resume and continue during the usual hours
his ordinary trade, work or calling.

And I warn all concerned that if at 10 00 hours tomorrow, or
at any subsequent time, I find this order h>i8 been, without good and
valid reason, disobeyed, the persons concerned will, be arrested and
tried under tho sumiQary piocediiie of Mi- till Liv, and shops so
closed will be opened and kept open by fui-Jt), and any resultant loss

vi

arising frooa such forcible openinf<s will rest on the ow^ners and ott
occupiers concerned.

And I further warn all concerned that this order must be strictly
obeyed in spirit as well as in letter, that is to say, that to open a shop
and then refuse to sell goods and to charge an exorbitant or prohibitive
late, will be deemed a contravention of this order. — [17 4-19.]

No. 15.

Whereas it has come to my knowledge that the present state of
unrest is being added to and encouraged by the spreading of false,
inaccurate or exaggerated reports or rumours.

Now therefore by virtue of the powers vested in me by Martial Law
I give notice that any person found guilty of publishing, spreading or
repeating false, inaccurate or exaggerated reports in connection with
the military or political situation, will be arrested and summarily do It
with under Martial Law — [17-4-19.]

No. 16.

Whereas I have reason to * believe that certain students of the
Dyal Singh College in Lahore are engaged in spreading seditious
propaganda directed against His Majesty's Government, and whereas
I deem it expedient in the interests of the preservation of law
and order to restrict the activities of such students, I make the
following order :— -

All students of the said College now in this Command Area will
report themselves to the Officer Commanding Troops at the Tele-
graph Office daily at the hours specified below and remain there
until the roll of such students has been called by the Principal or
some other Officer approved by me acting on his behalf and until they
have been dismissed by the Officer Commanding Troops at the
Telegraph Office.

07.00 hours; 11-00 hours; 15-00 hoirs : 19-00 hours; First
parade at 11-00 hours on 19th April 1919.— [18-4-19.]

MBMORANDU\I TO OFF[CERS COMMANDING UI^ITS
AND DETACHMENTS, POLICE OFFICERS AND

MAGISTRATES.

(1) In order to prevent the occurrence of regrettable incidents

it must be clearly understood that the existence of Martial
Law neither necessitates nor justifies the committal of
excesses either in —

(a) the maintenance of order ;

(6) in enforcing obedience to Martial Law Regulations ;

nor (c) in the infliction of punishment.

(2) The guiding principle to be borne in mind is that the force

required n (<r) and b) and the ensuing punishment should
never exceed the immediate necessities of the case.

(3) The punishment of whipping in particular, whilst probably

the most efficacious and convenient method of summarily
dealing with most minor breaches of Martial Law

Tii

Regulations, requires tact and commonsense in its infliction.
Under no circumstances shoul 1 old or feeble men be
flogged, and the social status of the offender also needs
consideration.

(4) It cannot bo too clearly impressed on all ranks that the

temporary supersession of the ordinary process of Civil
Law by the introduction of Martial Law, does not mean
that justice ceases to be administered ; on the contrary,
the suspension of the usual safeguards makes it doubly
imperative that all concerned should bear in mind that it
is up to them " to see that justice and not irresponsible
violence, is administered.

(5) When in any case Officers or Magistrates acting on my

behalf are doubtful as to the suitable punishment to be
inflicted, the case can always be remanded and the question
referred to me. In nearly all cases this cin be done by
telephone, obviating any delay.

(6) Nothing in the above is to be read as weakening the bands

of all responsible for strictly maintaining good order and
enforcing Martial Law Regulations. — [18 4-19.]

No. 17.

Whereas it is deemed desirable to provide for the better mobility
of His Majesty's Troops in the Area under my Command (and in those
adjacent thereto).

Now therefore by virtue of the powers vested in me by Martial
Law, I make the following orders : —

1. From and after this date no motor nor pedal-driven cycle shall
leave the Area under my Command without a permit signed by me or
on my behalf.

2. All owners of motor and other cycles shall, when ordered to
do so by me, whether by notice addressed ta them personally, or as
residents in certain districts or areas, or as members of certain
institutions, trades, or callings, deliver all cycles, owned or possessed
by them to the officer appointed to receive them on my behalf,
at the place and by the hour stated in such notices, which will
be published from diy to day in (amongst other places) the Civil
and Military Gazette."

3. And I further order that every motor cycle in the Area under
my Command, other than those the bond fide property of Government
or of a Gazetted Officer, be delivered to me or the officers appointed
by mo at the Cinema in McLeod Road between 08-00 and 13 00 hours
on IS'^onday, 21st April 1919, and thereafter it will be a contravention
of Martial Law for any person, other than those excepted in this
paragraph, or holding exemption certificates signed on my behalf, to
be found in possession of a motor cycle whether in running order or
otherwise.

4. And I further crder that all pedal-driven cycles in posses-
sion of students on the rolls of the D. A. V., Sanatan Dharam and
Dyal Singh Colleges, bo delivered to the officer appointed by me
at the Bradldugh Hall between 09-00 and 13-00 hoars on Monday,
21st April 1919, and thereafter it will be a contravention of Martial
Law for any student of the said Colleges to ride or be in possession
of a cycle.

And I warn all concerned that failure to comply with this order,
or tampering with any cycle to impair it3 immediate usefulness, will
result in severe penalties under Matial Law. — [19-419.]

No. 18.

SURRENDER OF PIREA-RMS AND AMMUNITION.

"Whereas it ha3 come to my knowledge that a number of persona
in the Area under my Command are in possession of firearms and
ammunition, by virtue of exemption, licence or otherwise.

And whereas I deem it desirable in the interests of the safety
of His Majesty's Troops and Police and for the prevention of disorder
and violence, to take steps to ensure that such arms should not
pass by theft or otherwise, into the possession of those who might use
them unlawfully.

Now therefore by virtue of the powers vested in me by Martial
Law I do make the following order, that is to say :

Any person in possession of any arras or ammunition, ordered by
me or by any Officer, Magistrate, Soldier or Policeman acting
on my behalf, to surrender for safe custody, such arms and ammuni-
tion shall deliver them to me at the place and by the hour mentioned
in such order.

And for the purpose of this order, every Military or Police
Officer, Magistrate, Soldier ani Policeman shall be deemed to be
acting on my behalf.

And I warn all concerned that disobedience of this order will
be summarily dealt with by me under Martial Law. — [20 4-19. J

No. 19.

MOTOR DRIVERS.

Whereas the services of motor drivers are immediately
needed.

Now, therefore, by virtue of the powers vested in me by Martial
Law, I make the following order, that is to say :

By 10-00 hours to-morrow, the 22nd day of April 1919, every
licensed motor driver, other than a European or a person at present
engaged as driver of a commandeered or exempted car, will report him-
self to Major Lindsay Smith, at the Transport Park, Punjab Light
Horse Ground.

All drivers so reporting will either be registered or engaged. The
latter will receive current rates of pay. — (21-4-19).

No. 20.

Whereas, on the 15th day of April 1919, in order to minimise
the work of the Troops and Police, and the better to maintain
public order and safety in the A rea under my Command, by
Martial Law Notice No. 1, I forbade certain classes of the in-
habitants of the said Area to leave their houses or be in the
public streets or roads, between 20-00 hours and 05-00 hours daily.

And whereas, as this and other orders issued by me have been
carried out to my satisfaction, I am desirous of removing as far as

iit

possible, restrictions which interfere with the religious exercises of cer-
tain cleksses of the inhabitants.

Now, therefore, I order and direct that so long as the inhabitants
of the Area under my Command continue faithfully to obey all orders
issued by me in the cause of public order and safety, the hours during
which the streets, ete , are closed shall be between 21 00 hours and
05-00 hours, and this alteration shill come into operation at 21-00
hours to-morrow, the 22nd day of April 1919. — [21-4-19]

No. 21.

TO OWNERS OF CYCLES.

In continuation of paragraph 2 of Martial Law Notice No 17»
dated 19th April 1919, by virtue of the powers vested in me by
Martial Law, 1 order that —

All pedal-driven cycles (save and except such as are the bona fide
property of Government) owned or possessed by persons, other than
Europeans residing in the district hereinafter described, shall be de
livered to the officer appointed by me at the Cinema, McLeod Road,
between the hours of 09-00 and 16-00 to morrow (Tuesday), the 22nd
day of April 1919.

And, therefore, it will be a contravention of Martial Law for
any such person to be in possession of a cycle unless accompanied by a
certificate of exemption from military service signed on my behalf.

District Affected. — That portion of the Area under n^ Command
that lies South of the City Boundaries and the Ravi River exclusive,
and North or West of the following roads, inclusive : —

Chamberlain Road from the Mochi Gate, thence by Thornton
Road, Nabha Road and Edward Road to the junction of Cust and
Multan Roads —[21-419].

No. 22.

TO OWNERS OF CYCLES.

In further continuation of paragragh 2, Martial Law Order 17,
dated 19th April 1919, by virtue of the powers vested in me by
Martial Law, I order that.

All pedal driven cycles (save and except such as are the bona
HcU property of Government) owned or possessed by persons, other
than Europeans, residing in the district hereinafter described, shall
be delivered to the officer appointed by me at the Fort between the
hours of 09-00 and 16-00 to-morrow (Wednesday), the 23rd day of
April 1919.

And thereafter it will be a contravention of Martial Law for
any such person to be in possession of a cycle unless accompanied
by a certificate of exemption from military sernce signed on my
behalf.

For the purpose of this order, all cycles ovned or lidden In
the course of duty by officers or servants of the Government shall
be deemed to bo the property of Government and therefuie exempt from
this order.

District Affected.— That portion of the Area under my Command
known as the " City."— [22-4-19].

No. 23.

Whereas it was not possible to receive, inspect and issue receipts
for all pedal driven cycles surrendered in accordance with Martial
Law Order No. 21 of 21st April 1919, during the hours specified in the
said order,

Now, therefore, I order that all persons residing in the Area-
defined in the said order will deliver cycles in their possession to
the OflBcer appointed by me at the Cinema in McLeod Road, be-
tween 09 00 and 16 00 hours to-morrow (Thursday), the 24th day
of April 1919— [23 4-19],

No. 24.

Whereas, I deem it expedient to make provision for the preserva-
tion of health and the greater comfort of British troops stationed in
the Area under my Command,

And whereas a nutnber of electric fans and lights are required
in the bu Idings in which some of such troops* are quartered.

Now, therefore, by virtue of the powers vested in me by Martia^
Law T authorize any officer appointed by me for that purpose to
enter any college, public building, hostel, hotel, private or other
residence or buildings and remove such number of electric lights and
fans req'iired for the purpose aforesaid

And any attempt to obstruct such removal, or to hide, or to
damage or to impair the immediate efficiency of any such fans or
lights, will be summarily dealt with under Martial Law.

But nothing in this order shall authorise the removal of auj fan
or light from a room usually inhabited by a woman. — [23-4 19].

No. 26.

Whei'eas- it was not possible to receive, inspect and issue receipt
for all pedal driven cycles surrendered in accordance with Martial Law
Order No. 22 of 22nd April 1919, during the hours specified in the
said order,

Now, therefore, I order that all persons residing in the area
defined in the said order, that is to say, "The City," will deliver
cycles in their possession to the officer appointed by me at the
Fort between 09-00 and 16 00 hours to-morrow, Friday, the 25th day
of April 1919— [24 4- 19].

No. 26.

Whereas, I deem it necessary to take steps for the more com-
plete control of horse-drawn vehicles licensed to ply for hire in the
Area under my Command, and in order to lessen the chance of further
loss and inconvecience to the public by reason of any hartal or refusal
Qt ply for hire.

Now, therefore, by virtue of the powers vested in me by Martial
Law, I order that on and after Monday, the 28th day of April 1919
no landau, gharry, tonga or tum'tum shall ply for hire in the Area
under my Command unless in possession of a permit signed by me
or by an officer acting on my behalf, which permit will be issued
on paydaent shewn in the schedule published below.

dSB.

Rs.

6

0

11

.^

0

19

3

8

• 1

3

0

tl

2

0

II

1

8

▲od I fui ther otd«r that the driver of every suoh licensed vehiole-
Hball also be in possession of ff military permit to drive such vehiole,
for which a charge of Rs. 3 will be made.

A.11 vehicles and drivers must obtain the necessary licenses and
permits from Major Lindsay Smith, at the Transport Park, Punjab
Light Horse Ground, between 09 00 and 17-00 hours on the 25th,
26th and 27th days of April 1919, and failure to obtain such
licenses and permits will be dealt with as a breach of Martial
Law.— [24-4-19].

SCALE OF CHARGES FOR MILITARY PERMITS TOPLY
FOR HIRE AND DRIVE LICENSED VEHICLES.

Class.

Ist (Landaus) ... —

2nd (Gharries) ...

3rd iTongas) A ... ... ^

3rd (Topgas)* B

4 th (Tum'tum)

Drivers' Permits

No 27.

Whereas, from information laid before me, I have reason to believe
that a large number of students at the King Edward Medical College,
Lahore, have openly given expression to seditious sentiments and
cries.

And whereas, I deem it expedient to limit the mischievous
activities of such students.

Now therefore, by virtue of the powers vested in me by Vlartial
Law, I make the following Orders : —

1. No student on the rolls of the said College at present resid-
ing in the Area under my Command shall leave such area without a
permit signed by me or on my behalf.

2. All students of Ist, 2nd, 3rd and 4th years of the M. B, B. S.
Class of the said College now residing in the Area under my Com-
mand, save and except those as to whose loyalty I am satisfied and
to whom, on the recommendation of the Principal, I may grant exemp-
tion, will, from the promulgation of this Order, raport themselves
to the OflScer Commanding Troops at Patiala House daily at the hours
specided below, and remain there until the roll of such student has
been called by an officer appointed by the Principal and approved by
me and until they have been dismissed by the Officer Commanding
Troops at Patiala House : —

0700 hours ; 1100 hours ; 15 00 hours ; 19-00 hours.
NoTB. — 4th year students are exempted from attendance at the
07 00 hours roll call.

3. At 11-00 hours to-morrow (Saturdiy), the 26th day of April
1919, in lieu of the roll-call at PatiaU House, such roll-call will take
place at the Fort Lahore, and every such student in possession of a cycle
will there and at that hour deliver it to the officer appointed by me,
and thereaft'. r during the continuance of Martial Law or until such
time as I may rescind or modify this order, any such student in
possession of a cycle shall be deemed to have contravened Martial Law,

Xll

And I warn all such students that absence from any roll-call
without reasonable excuse will be severely punished.

No 28.

Whereas on the 23rd instant some evilly disposed person set
fire to the contents of a pillar letter-box, causing loss and inconvenience
to the public.

And whereas such ofifence can at present only be dealt with
under process of Civil Law.

Now, therefore, by virtue of the power? vested in me under
Martial Law, I hereby order that damage or attempted damage to or
theft of any postal matter or Post Office property in the Area under
my Command, sVall be deemed to be an offence under Martial Law,
punishable with all the certainty, celerity and severity of such Law. —
[26-4-19.]

No. 29.

Whereas by Martial Law Order No. U, of 17th April, 1919, T
warned dealers in the Area under my Command against charging
exorbitant prices for their goods.

And whereas I find that the current retail price for atta is as
much as 5^ seers per rupee, whilst atta can be purchased by retail
shopkeepers at Rs. 5-13-0 per maund, so that such shopkeepers are
making a profit of about Re. 1-7-4 per maund which is approximately
equivalent to 25 per cent, per diem.

And whereas I deem such profit to be exorbitant and unlawful
and further that it is necessary to protect the people from the hard-
Bhip and injustice of such exborbitant price.

Now, therefore, by virtue of the powers vested in me by Martial
Law, I shall from time to time fix and deteroaine the prices at which
the necessaries of life shall be sold-

AND I NOW ORDER THAT—

From and after 17-00 hours this day and until further notice,
it shall be a contravention of Martial Law for any dealer in a^ta to —

(1) refuse to sell atta when requested to do so, and

(2) to supply less than 6i (six and a-half) seers per rupee (which
will allow such retail deiler the excellent profit of annas 5/5 i per
maund or say 5 per cent, per diem on his capital involved.)

And Eo that no retail dealer in atta shall be able to plead, as an
excuse for contravention of this Order, his inability to purchase atta
at the wholesale price named above, I give notice that on application
being made to the Officer appointed by me for that purpose, viz., the
Director of Civil Supplies, whose office is with that of the Director
of Agriculture near the Civil Secretariat he will give all necessary
information and facilities to enable such retail shopkeepers to supply
themEelves with atta at the said wholesale price, viz., Rs. 5-13-0 per
maund.

And I warn all concerned that ,any disobedience of this Order
will result in prompt and severe punishment under Martial Law, —
[27-4-19.] .:

nu

No. 30.

Whereas it has been proved to me that certain student's in
Lahore Colleges are in the habit of defacing with obscene and filthy
comments pictures appearing in illustrated papers of members
of His Majesty's Naval and Military Forces, Civil or other Services.

And whereas such obscene and filthy comments are calculated to
promote disaffection and bad feeling, and to be prejudicial to good
order.

Now, therefore, I warn all concerned that it shall be deemed to
be a contravention of Martial Law, for any person to deface or mark
any picture or letterpress purporting to represent or refer to British
subjects, by signs, drawings or wordi calculated t? bring contempt,
ridicule or dislike on such British subjects.

And such prohibition is also extended to the use of words, signs
or gestures directed at, addre&bed or referring to, any such British
subjects.

And I shall hold responsible f r such outrages on illustrations
all who are inmates, owners and (or) occupiers, students and teachers,
of the preuiises in which such damaged or defaced picture or literature
is discovered.

No. 31.

Whereas by Martial Law Order No. U of 17th April, 1919, I
warned dealers in the Area under my Command against charging;
exorbitant prices for their goods.

And whereas I deem the present prices charged for Milk, vh.

3 Annas per seer for cow's milk, and

4 „ „ „ ,1 buffalo's milk

to be unjustifiable, exorbitant, and to press heavily on the poorer

people.

Now, therefore, by virtue of the powers vested in me by Martial
Law I order that, from and after 1 7-00 hours this day and until '^
further notice, it shall be a contravention of Martial Law for any
person who yesterday was a dealer in milk : —

(1) to refuse to sell milk when in possession of milk and requested

to do so ;

(2) to adulterate milk, or

(3) to charge more than Annas 2^ per seer for cow's milk and

' Annas 3 „ „ t. buffalo's milk.
And I warn all concerned that any disobedience of this Order
will result in prompt and severe punishment under Martial Law. —
[29-4-19.]

No. 32.

Whereas by Martial Law, Order No. U of 17th April, 1919, I
warned dealers in the Area under ray Command against charging
exorbitant prices for their goods.

And whereas I find that Khewra Salt can be laid down in
this area at an inclusive cost of Re. 1-12-0 per maund. whilst the
people are made to piy Ann is 1-6 per seer or Rs. 3 12-0 per .maund,
producing a profit which is exorbitant and unlawful.

idsw

Now, therefore, by 'virtue of the powers vested in me by Martial
Law I order that from 14 00 hours to-morrow, Wednesday, 30th
April, salt, other than imported table salt, shall be supplied at a
price not exceeding anna one 'a. 1 ) per seer, a price which I shall
shortly further reduce after I consider sufficient time has been
allowed to enable small dealers holding 'stocks purchased at high
rates to dispose of or reduce such stocks.

And I further order that from and after 1400 hours to-
morrow, not lees than 7f seers of Wheat shall be supplied for a
rupee.

And I warn all concerned that —

(a) all those who to day are selling salt or wheat must
continue to do so but at the new price ;

(6) adulteration or short measure of all articles, whether a
"controlled" article, like Atta, Milk, Salt and Wheat,
or otherwise, will be deemed an offence against
Martial Law and dealt with by me accordingly.

And finally I warn all concerned that unless the present
unjustifiable prices, particularly of the necessaries of life, are at once
materially reduced, I shall gradually fix the price of every
ftrticle.— [2-5 19.]

No. es.

Whereas it has come to my knowledge that attempts are
frequently made to extort money from persons with a view to
either saving them from penalties for intentional or other breaches
of Martial Law, or for the purpose of removing them from the
restrictive incidence of such Martial or other Laws.

And whereas I deem such conduct gravely detrimental to the
good order and governance of the Area under my Command ;

I, therefore, by virtue of the powers vested in me under
Martial Law, Regulation No. 15, declare that it is an offence under
Martial Law for any person in the said Area to offer or
receive money or other valuable consideration, or to act as agent
or " go-between " in any transaction or proposed transaction by virtue
of which the person paying such money or giving such consideration
expects, or is promised, to evade any penalties or proceedings, or to
obtain any benefit of any kind whatsoever under Martial or other Laws
or Orders.

And I warn all concerned that any person convicted of any
breach of this Order in the said Area is liable to two years' imprison-
ment or fine and whipping. — [4-5-19.]

No. 34.

Whereas I have trustworthy information that certain dea lers in
wheat in the Area under my Command are evading Martial Law
Order No. 32, dated 29th April, 1919, and refusing to sell wheat
at the price fixed by me on the ground that their supply of wheat is
^jtbausted j

And whereas I have reason to believe that certain of the said
dealers, on the contrary, have secret stores of wheat ;

Now, therefore, by virtue of the powers vested in me by Martial
Law, I make \he followiog order : —

Every trader, banker, bunnia or other person in the said Area
who owns or possesses, directly or indirectly, wheat exceeding 5
maunds in weight, shall render to me in writing (enclosed in an en-
velope marked "Wheat") by 09-00 hours on the 7th day of May,
1919, a return showing the total quantity of wheat owned or pos-
sessed by him.

And so that no person intending to evade this Older may
subsequently, when faced with the consequences of such evasion,
complain that he was unaware of the procedure to be adopted by m?,

I warn all concerned that as scon as possible after the hour
named for the rendering of the said Returns, I shall cauFe them to
be published, and at the same time offer substantial rewards for
iuformation that sviil lead to the conviction of any person failing to
bubmit or submitting an inaccurate Return.

And fcuch reward will be paid by the person disobeying the
Order, in addition to such other punishment as, by virtue of Martial
Law, I am empowered to impose.

And I further warn would-be informers of the consequences of
wilfully giving me false information. — [5-5 19.]

pBINTBD AND PCRLISHBD AT "TUB CfVIL A>fD MILITARY OaZETTB " PbBSS, LaHORB

BV Edwin Hawabd, Manaobb.

PLEASE DO NOT REMOVE
CARDS OR SLIPS FROM THIS POCKET

UNIVERSITY OF TORONTO LIBRARY

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P2P8
1919

Punjab disturbances

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